C.2 PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY OF ERIKSON

According to Erikson, the psychosocial crisis of infancy is:
A. Trust vs. Mistrust
B. Autonomy vs. Shame
C. Initiative vs. Guilt
D. Identity vs. Role Confusion

Trust vs. Mistrust

The virtue that emerges from successful resolution of Toddlerhood’s crisis is:
A. Purpose
B. Will
C. Hope
D. Care

Will

Failure to resolve the crisis of Early Childhood may result in the core pathology of:
A. Inertia
B. Inhibition
C. Withdrawal
D. Disdain

Inhibition

At which age range does the stage of Initiative vs. Guilt primarily occur?
A. 3–6 years
B. Birth–1 year
C. 6–12 years
D. 13–18 years

3–6 years

A child, age 8, is working hard to earn good grades and be recognized at school. Which Eriksonian stage is this?
A. Autonomy vs. Shame
B. Initiative vs. Guilt
C. Industry vs. Inferiority
D. Identity vs. Role Confusion

Industry vs. Inferiority

The core pathology of Middle and Late Childhood (Industry vs. Inferiority) is:
A. Compulsion
B. Inertia
C. Exclusivity
D. Rejectivity

Inertia

Adolescents face which crisis according to Erikson?
A. Trust vs. Mistrust
B. Identity vs. Role Confusion
C. Generativity vs. Stagnation
D. Initiative vs. Guilt

Identity vs. Role Confusion

An adolescent who struggles with identity may develop which core pathology?
A. Role Repudiation
B. Inhibition
C. Inertia
D. Withdrawal

Role Repudiation

The successful outcome of adolescence leads to the virtue of:
A. Fidelity
B. Wisdom
C. Hope
D. Love

Fidelity

A 25-year-old individual seeking meaningful romantic relationships is navigating which psychosocial crisis?
A. Generativity vs. Stagnation
B. Integrity vs. Despair
C. Intimacy vs. Isolation
D. Identity vs. Role Confusion

Intimacy vs. Isolation

A person who fails to form intimate bonds in young adulthood risks developing the core pathology of:
A. Exclusivity
B. Rejectivity
C. Role Repudiation
D. Disdain

Exclusivity

What virtue develops in Young Adulthood when intimacy needs are met?
A. Love
B. Care
C. Wisdom
D. Purpose

Love

Middle Adulthood spans approximately what age range?
A. 13–18 years
B. 20–40 years
C. 40–65 years
D. 65 years and above

40–65 years

The core pathology of Middle Adulthood is:
A. Inhibition
B. Rejectivity
C. Role Repudiation
D. Disdain

Rejectivity

An older adult reflecting on life with satisfaction is likely resolving which stage successfully?
A. Integrity vs. Despair
B. Trust vs. Mistrust
C. Industry vs. Inferiority
D. Generativity vs. Stagnation

Integrity vs. Despair

The virtue that emerges from successful resolution of Late Adulthood is:
A. Care
B. Wisdom
C. Fidelity
D. Will

Wisdom

Disdain is the core pathology associated with which stage?
A. Toddlerhood
B. Late Adulthood
C. Adolescence
D. Infancy

Late Adulthood

According to Erikson, “crisis” refers to:
A. A traumatic event in life
B. A major psychosocial challenge
C. An unconscious conflict
D. A personality disorder

A major psychosocial challenge

Which of the following best defines “virtue” in Erikson’s theory?
A. A moral judgment
B. A strength gained from resolving a crisis
C. A weakness caused by pathology
D. A Freudian drive

A strength gained from resolving a crisis

Erikson’s modification of Freud’s theory primarily emphasizes:
A. Biological instincts
B. Societal and cultural influence
C. The pleasure principle
D. Unconscious drives

Societal and cultural influence

If a toddler becomes overly dependent or compulsive, this reflects the pathology of:
A. Compulsion
B. Withdrawal
C. Inhibition
D. Inertia

Compulsion

A child who shows hesitation to try new activities due to fear of guilt may be stuck in which stage?
A. Early Childhood
B. Infancy
C. Adolescence
D. Middle Adulthood

Early Childhood

Erikson’s concept of “ego identity” is closest to Freud’s concept of:
A. Id
B. Superego
C. Ego
D. Libido

Ego

Which of the following stages directly precedes Adolescence?
A. Infancy
B. Toddlerhood
C. Early Childhood
D. Middle/Late Childhood

Middle/Late Childhood

The primary virtue developed in Infancy is:
A. Hope
B. Will
C. Love
D. Purpose

Hope

A toddler who insists on feeding himself and refuses help is demonstrating which psychosocial crisis?
A. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
B. Initiative vs. Guilt
C. Identity vs. Role Confusion
D. Trust vs. Mistrust

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

A child who constantly seeks approval through school achievements but fears failure may reflect which pathology?
A. Inertia
B. Role Repudiation
C. Inhibition
D. Exclusivity

Inertia

Adolescence spans what age range according to Erikson?
A. 6–12 years
B. 13–18 years
C. 18–25 years
D. 40–65 years

13–18 years

Young adulthood typically covers which age range?
A. 18–25 years
B. 20–40 years
C. 13–19 years
D. 65+ years

20–40 years

A person at age 70 looking back with regret and bitterness is showing signs of:
A. Generativity
B. Disdain
C. Hope
D. Fidelity

Disdain

Which Eriksonian stage aligns most closely with Freud’s Anal stage in terms of autonomy development?
A. Toddlerhood
B. Infancy
C. Early Childhood
D. Adolescence

Toddlerhood

Erikson’s Trust vs. Mistrust is most comparable to Freud’s:
A. Latency Stage
B. Oral Stage
C. Genital Stage
D. Anal Stage

Oral Stage

The pathology of Withdrawal is most likely to occur during which age range?
A. Birth–1 year
B. 1–3 years
C. 3–6 years
D. 65+ years

Birth–1 year

Which virtue corresponds to the stage Industry vs. Inferiority?
A. Competence
B. Purpose
C. Care
D. Fidelity

Competence

Middle Adulthood emphasizes which psychosocial crisis?
A. Integrity vs. Despair
B. Generativity vs. Stagnation
C. Intimacy vs. Isolation
D. Identity vs. Role Confusion

Generativity vs. Stagnation

A parent actively mentoring the younger generation is successfully navigating which stage?
A. Young Adulthood
B. Middle Adulthood
C. Late Adulthood
D. Adolescence

Middle Adulthood

If intimacy needs are unmet, the pathology that may develop is:
A. Exclusivity
B. Rejectivity
C. Inhibition
D. Compulsion

Exclusivity

The strength of “Care” is associated with which life stage?
A. Middle Adulthood
B. Adolescence
C. Late Adulthood
D. Infancy

Middle Adulthood

A 5-year-old constantly starting games but feels guilty when failing reflects:
A. Initiative vs. Guilt
B. Trust vs. Mistrust
C. Autonomy vs. Shame
D. Industry vs. Inferiority

Initiative vs. Guilt

Which concept highlights that unresolved crises remain issues later in life?
A. Fixation
B. Crisis
C. Core Pathology
D. Regression

Crisis

A person in adolescence who refuses all roles offered by society is likely experiencing:
A. Role Repudiation
B. Disdain
C. Inhibition
D. Inertia

Role Repudiation

Which of the following is NOT an Eriksonian core pathology?
A. Disdain
B. Compulsion
C. Inertia
D. Regression

Regression

Which of the following describes “Integrity” in Late Adulthood?
A. Satisfaction with life
B. Fear of failure
C. Desire for intimacy
D. Rejection of identity

Satisfaction with life

Which virtue is associated with successful resolution of Autonomy vs. Shame?
A. Will
B. Hope
C. Love
D. Fidelity

Will

In Erikson’s theory, the pathology of Rejectivity appears in which stage?
A. Middle Adulthood
B. Toddlerhood
C. Infancy
D. Late Adulthood

Middle Adulthood

An adult who feels stagnant and disconnected from society may lack which virtue?
A. Wisdom
B. Love
C. Care
D. Competence

Care

Which pathology arises when an infant cannot establish trust in caregivers?
A. Withdrawal
B. Compulsion
C. Inertia
D. Inhibition

Withdrawal

If a teenager gains fidelity, they have successfully resolved:
A. Intimacy vs. Isolation
B. Identity vs. Role Confusion
C. Initiative vs. Guilt
D. Generativity vs. Stagnation

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Which crisis do individuals 65 years and above primarily face?
A. Integrity vs. Despair
B. Trust vs. Mistrust
C. Autonomy vs. Shame
D. Industry vs. Inferiority

Integrity vs. Despair

Erikson differs from Freud because he focuses more on:
A. Biological drives
B. Social and cultural influence
C. The pleasure principle
D. Psychosexual instincts

Social and cultural influence