FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Female reproductive tract

includes two ovaries, two uterine tubes (oviducts), the uterus, the vagina, and the vulva.

Multiparous

The bitch bear litters of young thus they are __

Ovaries

These are paired glands, oval, firm in consistency and often nodular or tuberculate due to protruding follicles.

Mesovarium

Ovaries are suspended from the body wall by the __

Sublumbar region

What region are the ovaries generally found?

1-1.5 cm

In dogs, ovaries ranges from __, oval in shape and the surface is rough and nodular.

1. Medulla

2. Cortex

A section of ovary from a mature animal shows the following division:

Medulla

vascular zone, looser, where blood supply of the ovaries are found.

Cortex

parenchymatous zone, denser, where the follicles are found.

1. Broad ligament

2. Suspensory ligament of the ovary

3. Proper ligament of the ovary

Ligaments associated with the ovaries

Broad ligament

large peritoneal sheet suspending the entire genital tract

Mesovarium

suspends the ovary

Mesometrium

suspends the uterus

Mesosalphinx

suspends the uterine tube

Ovarian bursa

formed by the mesosalphinx laterally and ventrally by the proper ligament of the ovary, mesovarium and ovary

Suspensory ligament of the ovary

present only in bitch. It is a peritoneal fold which attaches the ovary to the diaphragm in the region of the last rib

Proper ligament of the ovary

it attaches the uterine end of the ovary to the ipsilateral uterine horn

Uterine tubes

(oviducts or fallopian tubes) are paired, convoluted tubes that conduct the ova from each ovary to the respective horn of the uterus and are the usual site of fertilization of ova by the spermatozoa.

1. Infundibulum

2. Fimbria

3. Abdominal ostium of the uterine tube

4. Ampulla

5. Isthmus

Parts of the uterine tubes

Infundibulum

funnel-shaped portion of the uterine tube adjacent to the ovary that appears to catch the egg during ovulation

Fimbria

irregular, finger-like projection on the free edge of the infundibulum.

Abdominal ostium of the uterine tube

opening at the center of the infundibulum; only opening at the peritoneal cavity to the outside in the female genitalia

Uterine ostium

The distal opening of the abdominal ostium of the uterine tube

Ampulla

actual fertilization takes place

Isthmus

more convoluted distal part of the tube.

Mesosalphinx

The entire uterine tube is being held by the __

Uterus

It is a highly expandable, tubular organ where the embryo/fetus develops.

• Body

• Cervix (neck)

• Two horns.

The uterus of the domestic mammal consists of a _

Cervix (neck)

the most caudal part of the uterus connecting uterus to the vagina. It has a narrow lumen which is closed most of the time except during estrus, during parturition and short period thereafter. It is located in the pelvic cavity.

• Internal uterine orifice

• External uterine orifice

The two openings of the cevix

Internal uterine orifice

connects the body of the uterus cranially

External uterine orifice

connects with the vagina caudally

Body of the uterus

• it is a simple muscular tube of varying length between the cervix and the uterine horn.

• It lies dorsal to the urinary bladder and ventral to the descending colon and rectum.

Horns of the uterus

two musculomembranous extension of the uterine body which are continuously cranially with the uterine tube. They are located at the abdomen.

Vagina

Part of the reproductive tract between the cervix and vulva. With the vestibule and vulva, it is the female’s copulatory organ and birth canal.

Hymen

is poorly developed, vestigial mucosal folds at the junction of the vagina and vestibule.

Cervical canal

The semen is usually deposited in the __ or directly into the uterus in the dog

External urethral orifice

The junction between the vagina and the vestibule

Vestibule

The part of the reproductive tract belonging to both urinary and genital systems. It connects the vagina with the external genital opening, the vulva

Vulva

Is the terminal and the only external part of the female genital tract

Dorsal commissure

The rounded comissure of the vulva

Ventral commissure

The pointed comissure of the vulva

Labia

right and left lips of the vulva. Vulvar cleft is the opening between the labia leading to vestibule

Clitoris

homologue to male penis, located between the ventral commissure of the vulva.

Vaginal recess

the cranioventral recess formed by the cervix bulging into the vagina in the bitch.

Vestibular bulbs

the organized erectile venous plexuses in the vestibular walls of bitch.

Vestibular gland

opens into the vestibule and lubricate the reproductive organs during parturition and copulation

Mammary gland

also called mammae, are modified sudoriferous (sweat) glands that produce milk for the nourishment of offspring. 

Five

How many pairs of mammae are present in dogs?

• cranial thoracic

• caudal thoracic

• cranial abdominal

• caudal abdominal

• inguinal mammary gland

What are the pairs of mammae in dogs

• Secretory tissue

• Ducts of the gland.

The parenchyma of the lactating mammary gland consists of __ and the _

Alveoli

the secretory unit, chief structures for actual milk production.

Lactiferous sinus

a glandular part (gland cistern) located within the quarter and a papillary part (teat cistern) located at the teat.

Papillary duct or streak canal

continuation of the teat cistern to the exterior.

Papillary ostium

Papillary ostium

Teat papilla

nipple, projecting part of the mammary gland containing part of the milk sinus.