General Histology and Embryology Lab Review Flashcards

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering microscope components, organelle structure, stages of mitosis and meiosis, and epithelial tissue classifications based on general histology and embryology lecture notes.

Microscope Parts Diagram

Diagram illustrating the parts of a compound light microscope, including the eye piece (ocular lens), eye piece tube, diopter adjustment, head, carrying arm, objective lenses, nose piece, stage clip, mechanical stage, aperture, condenser, illuminator (light source), stage control knob, coarse adjustment knob, fine adjustment knob, and base.

Cell Diagram

Diagram showing eukaryotic cell structures including the nucleus, nucleolus, chromatin, nuclear envelope, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes, centrioles, centrosome matrix, plasma membrane, cytosol, microvilli, microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments.

Contractile Ring

A structure visible during telophase that pinches the cell membranous equator to divide the cytoplasm and produce two separate daughter cells.

Interphase

The preparatory phase of the cell cycle consisting of three distinct sub-phases: $G_1$, S (synthesis), and $G_2$.

Simple Epithelium

An epithelial tissue composed of a single layer of cells attached to the basement membrane.

Stratified Epithelium

An epithelial tissue consisting of two or more layers of cells, identifiable under the microscope by the presence of two or more layers of nuclei.

Transitional Epithelium

A specialized type of epithelium that appears stratified, but is characterized by nuclei that are not positioned at the same level.

Squamous Cell

A flat, scale-like cell type in which the width of the cell is greater than its height.

Cuboidal Cell

A cube-shaped cell type where the cell height and width are approximately equal, typically containing a central round nucleus.

Columnar Cell

An elongated, column-shaped cell type in which the height of the cell is significantly greater than its width.

Simple Columnar Epithelium (Small Intestine)

Epithelial tissue where cells extend from the basement membrane to the apical surface with long, slender nuclei aligned in a row and microvilli present on the apical surface.

Nucleus Micrograph

Microscopic visualization of the cell nucleus identifying the nuclear envelope, nuclear pore, nucleolus, euchromatin, and heterochromatin.

Phases of Mitosis

The sequential stages of mitotic cell division: 1. Prophase, 2. Metaphase, 3. Anaphase, and 4. Telophase.

Meiosis II Initial Stage

The second division of meiosis, which begins with two daughter cells formed from meiosis I.

Telophase II Outcome

The final stage of meiotic cell division that results in a total of four daughter cells.

Heterochromatin

Densely packed form of chromatin visible in the nucleus under a microscope, located predominantly adjacent to the nuclear envelope.

Euchromatin

Loosely packed form of chromatin dispersed throughout the nucleoplasm.

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium Micrograph

Histological section showing duct structures lined by two layers of cuboidal cells, highlighting the basal side, apical side, lumen, basement membrane, and connective tissue.