(57) The Whole of WJEC Biology paper 2!!! In only 65 minutes!!1

Taxonomy

The study of grouping living things together.

Eukaryotes

Organisms that have cells with nuclei.

Abiotic Factors

Nonliving factors that affect an organism, such as light intensity and temperature.

Biotic Factors

Living factors that affect an organism, such as food and predators.

Mitosis

A process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.

Meiosis

A process of cell division that results in gametes with half the number of chromosomes as the parent.

Benign Tumors

Slow-growing tumors that are generally harmless.

Malignant Tumors

Fast-growing and aggressive tumors that can spread to other parts of the body.

Stem Cells

Cells that have the potential to develop into various types of cells.

Alleles

Different versions of a gene.

Genotype

The genetic makeup of an individual.

Phenotype

The observable characteristics of an individual.

Polydactyly

A condition characterized by having extra fingers or toes, which is a dominant trait.

Cystic Fibrosis

A recessive genetic condition that affects the lungs and digestive system.

Embryo Screening

A process that tests embryos for genetic diseases before implantation.

Homozygous

Having two identical alleles for a specific gene.

Heterozygous

Having two different alleles for a specific gene.

Natural Selection

The process by which organisms better suited to their environment tend to survive and reproduce.

Antibiotic Resistance

The ability of bacteria to survive and grow in the presence of antibiotics.

Vaccinations

Medical treatments that stimulate the immune system to prevent diseases.

Pathogen

A microorganism that causes disease.

Homeostasis

The maintenance of a stable internal environment in an organism.

Glucagon

A hormone produced by the pancreas that raises blood glucose levels.

Type 1 Diabetes

A condition where the pancreas does not produce enough insulin.

Type 2 Diabetes

A condition where cells become insensitive to insulin.

Malaria

A disease caused by a parasite spread by female mosquitoes.

Chlamydia

A common sexually transmitted bacterial infection.

Antibodies

Proteins produced by the immune system to identify and neutralize pathogens.

Hybrid Cells

Cells created by fusing antibody-producing cells with cancerous cell lines.

Gene

A stretch of DNA that codes for a characteristic.

Genome

The complete set of genes in an organism.

Amino Acids

Building blocks of proteins, each coded for by a three-letter sequence of DNA.

Insulin

A hormone that regulates blood glucose levels.

ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)

A hormone that helps control water balance in the body.

Selective Breeding

The process of breeding animals to produce desired traits.