Chapter 10.1 Meiosis (Glencoe Biology)

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27 Terms

1

Heredity

Passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring.

<p>Passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring.</p>
2

Genetics

Branch of biology that studies heredity.

3

Gene

A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait

<p>A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait</p>
4

Gamete

Male and female sex cells; sperm and eggs.

<p>Male and female sex cells; sperm and eggs.</p>
5

Fertilization

Fusion of male and female gametes.

6

Zygote

Diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg.

<p>Diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg.</p>
7

Diploid

Cell with two of each kind of chromosome; is said to contain a diploid, or 2n, number of chromosomes.

<p>Cell with two of each kind of chromosome; is said to contain a diploid, or 2n, number of chromosomes.</p>
8

Haploid

Cell with one of each kind of chromosome; is said to contain a haploid or n, number of chromosomes.

<p>Cell with one of each kind of chromosome; is said to contain a haploid or n, number of chromosomes.</p>
9

Homologous chromosome

Paired chromosomes with genes for the same traits arranged in the same order.

<p>Paired chromosomes with genes for the same traits arranged in the same order.</p>
10

Meiosis

Type of cell division of body cell produces four gametes, each containing half the number of chromosomes as a parent's body cell.

<p>Type of cell division of body cell produces four gametes, each containing half the number of chromosomes as a parent's body cell.</p>
11

Sperm

Haploid male sex cells produced by meiosis.

12

Egg

Haploid female sex cell produced by meiosis.

13

Sex cell

sperm or egg

14

Sexual reproduction

Pattern of reproduction that involves the production and subsequent fusion of haploid sex cells.

<p>Pattern of reproduction that involves the production and subsequent fusion of haploid sex cells.</p>
15

Crossing over

Exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids from homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis; results in new allele combinations.

<p>Exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids from homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis; results in new allele combinations.</p>
16

Non-disjunction

Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis; results in gametes with too many or too few chromosomes.

<p>Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis; results in gametes with too many or too few chromosomes.</p>
17

2n

A full set of chromosomes. Found at the beginning and end of mitosis. Found at the beginning of meiosis. Also diploid. For humans 46 is the 2n number.

18

n

A 1/2 set of chromosomes. Found at the end of meiosis. Found in gametes/sex cells/sperm and eggs. In humans this number is 23.

19

Autosome

Chromosome pairs 1-22. Body chromosomes, not sex chromosomes

<p>Chromosome pairs 1-22. Body chromosomes, not sex chromosomes</p>
20

Sex chromosomes

Pair #23. XX or XY. determines gender.

21

Loci

A point on a chromosome that matches with a particular gene.

<p>A point on a chromosome that matches with a particular gene.</p>
22

Karyotype

A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape.

<p>A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape.</p>
23

Amniocentesis

needle puncture of the amniotic sac to withdraw amniotic fluid for analysis of chromosomes or other fetal abnormalities

<p>needle puncture of the amniotic sac to withdraw amniotic fluid for analysis of chromosomes or other fetal abnormalities</p>
24

Deletion

A change to a chromosome in which a fragment of the chromosome is removed.

<p>A change to a chromosome in which a fragment of the chromosome is removed.</p>
25

Duplication

change to a chromosome in which part of the chromosome is repeated

<p>change to a chromosome in which part of the chromosome is repeated</p>
26

Inversion

A mutation that occurs when a chromosome piece breaks off and reattaches in reverse orientation

<p>A mutation that occurs when a chromosome piece breaks off and reattaches in reverse orientation</p>
27

Translocation

Change to a chromosome in which a fragment of one chromosome attaches to a nonhomologous chromosome.

<p>Change to a chromosome in which a fragment of one chromosome attaches to a nonhomologous chromosome.</p>