Clinical Kinesiology - Basic Clinical Kinesiology

kinesiology

The study of movement through the application of anatomy, physiology, physics and mechanics

Biomechanics

term used when applying the more general term mechanics to the study of the human movement

Kinematics

branch of mechanics describing the movement of the body

osteokinematics

the movement of bones in space about a joint axis (flexion and extension)

arthrokinematics

the movement of bone surfaces during joint movement (roll and glide)

anatomical position

human body standing in an upright position, eyes level and facing forward, feet parallel and close together, and arms at the sides of the body with the palms facing forward.

medial

refers to a location or position toward the midline

lateral

refers to the location or position farther from the midline

anterior (ventral)

refers to the front of the body or to a position closer to the front

posterior (dorsal)

refers to the back of the body or to a position closer to the back

distal

away from the trunk

proximal

toward the trunk

superior

indicate the location of a body part that is above another, or to refer to the upper surface of an organ or a structure

inferior

indicates that a body part is below another or refers to the lower surface of an organ or a structure

cranial

refer to a position or structure closer to the head

caudal

refers to a position or structure closer to the feet

superficial

closer to surface of the body

deep

farther from surface of the body

supination

forearm rotates laterally, palm faces anteriorly

pronation

forearm rotates medially, palm faces posteriorly

bilateral

refers to both side

contralateral

refers to opposite side

kinetic chain

a series of connected rigid links, which in the human body are the segments of the extremities

closed kinetic chain

occurs when distal segment is fixed, providing stabilization at the distal end and the proximal segment is free to move

open kinetic chain

occurs when the distal segment is not fixed and the proximal segment is fixed

sagittal plane

frontal axis (flexion- extension)

frontal plane

sagittal axis (adduction - abduction)

(Radial/ulnar deviation)

(Eversion- inversion)

horizontal plane

vertical axis (Medial-lateral rotation)

(Supination- pronation)

(right/left rotation)

(horizontal adduction and abduction)

somatic

relating to the body

visceral

relating to internal organs or coverings of internal organs

angular movement

flexion-extension

abduction-adduction

circumduction

rotation

involves turning movement of a bone around its long axis (occurs at hip and shoulder joints)

protraction

nonangular movement of jutting

retraction

opposite movement to protaction

elevation

lifting the body superiorly

depression

moving the elevated part inferiorly

dorsiflexion

lifting the foot so the superior surface approaches the shin

plantar flexion

depressing the foot, pointing toes