Cultural Influences on Communication and Relationships

What are the two frameworks relevant to cultural dimensions models?

Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck (1961) and Hofstede (1984)

What do cultural dimensions models help explain?

They help explain why it can be difficult (but not impossible) to form relationships with diverse cultures.

What are the five important questions proposed by Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck regarding cultural values?

1. What is human nature? 2. What is the relationship between humans and nature? 3. What is the orientation toward time? 4. What is the preferred personality? 5. What is the relationship between humans and social relations?

What are the three perspectives on human nature according to Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck?

1. Basically evil 2. Both good and evil 3. Basically good.

How do cultures view the relationship between humans and nature?

1. Nature dominates 2. Harmony exists between humans and nature 3. Humans dominate.

What are the three orientations toward time identified by Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck?

1. Past-oriented 2. Present-oriented 3. Future-oriented.

What are the three preferred personality types according to Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck?

1. Being 2. Becoming/Growing 3. Doing.

What are the three types of social relations identified by Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck?

1. Hierarchical 2. Group-oriented/collateral 3. Individual.

What are Hofstede's four dimensions of cultural variability?

1. Individualism/Collectivism (IDV) 2. Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI) 3. Power Distance (PDI) 4. Masculinity (MAS).

What does the Individualism/Collectivism dimension measure?

It measures the emphasis on individual goals versus group goals within a culture.

What characterizes low individualism (collectivism)?

Individuals are expected to stay within a group, communication is indirect, and group needs are prioritized over individual needs.

What characterizes high individualism?

Individual goals are emphasized, self-realization is important, and in-groups are specific and affect behavior in limited situations.

What does Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI) measure?

It measures the degree to which members of a culture try to avoid uncertainty and their tolerance for ambiguity.

What are the characteristics of low uncertainty avoidance?

Cultures can tolerate ambiguity, individuals make their own decisions regarding rules, and behaviors are less predictable.

What are the characteristics of high uncertainty avoidance?

Cultures require structure to avoid ambiguities, behaviors should be predictable, and there is a strong adherence to rules.

What does Power Distance (PDI) measure?

It measures the extent to which less powerful members of a culture accept and expect unequal power distribution.

What is the significance of education in Power Distance?

Higher education often correlates with lower power distance within a culture.

What characterizes low power distance?

There is little fear of confrontation and a higher level of feelings of equality.

What characterizes high power distance?

It emphasizes authority and subordination with little tolerance for individual freedom.

What does the Masculinity dimension measure?

It measures how sex roles, motivation for achievement, and relationships are negotiated within a culture.

What characterizes low masculinity (femininity)?

Focus on equality and relationships over monetary success, with a humanistic approach.

What characterizes high masculinity?

Preference for monetary or status success, distinct gender roles, and viewing work as central to life.

What is the significance of group memberships in sociocultural influences?

Memberships provide positive rewards, inclusion, affection, and control.

What are in-groups and out-groups?

In-groups are majority groups concerned with each other's welfare, while out-groups are minority groups often treated differently.

What is social identity theory?

It posits that people classify themselves and others into social categories, which helps organize and define social interactions.

What are the consequences of forming in-groups and out-groups?

Expectations of less similarity within in-groups, positive perceptions of in-group members, and greater accuracy in predicting in-group behaviors.

What did Jane Elliot's 'A Class Divided' demonstrate?

It illustrated the impact of discrimination and social identity through an exercise with blue and brown-eyed children.

book written by Robert Bullard

Dumping in dixie

what is one of the strongest predictors of your health

zipcode

what is disparate impacts

disproportionate effects experienced by some communities, regardless of intent

economic blackmail

the presentation of a false choice between economic gain and environmental protection, deflects attention away from the fact that jobs can be provided while maintaining basic health and environmental standards

what zipcode is the poorest in Florida

32304 (ours)

3 things we have to know/do

public objection, civic action, elevating awareness (or learning)