Health Assessment Final Exam

Medical model

Health is the presence or absence of disease

Functional model

The ability to do things as a gauge of health

Wellness model

Health as a continuum which is always changing

System stability

Health related to levels of stress and the maintenance of homeostasis

Dimensions of wellness

physical, emotional, social, occupational, spiritual, environmental, intellectual, financial

Primary prevention

Efforts to prevent an injury or illness from ever occurring

Ex: lifestyle, immunizations

Secondary prevention

screening to identify diseases in the earliest stages, before the onset of signs and symptoms
Ex: mammogram, BP testing

Tertiary prevention

Actions that are taken after an adverse event that aims at reducing the harm or preventing disability
Ex: physical therapy, support groups

Effective communication

The act of sharing information between two people (or groups of people) so that the information is successfully understood.

Therapeutic communication

Verbal and nonverbal communication techniques that encourage patients to express their feelings and to achieve a positive relationship

Interpreter

A person who translates from one language to another (spoken)

Translater

a professional who works with written documents, moving words and meaning from one document into another

97.5-99.5

Normal temperature range

Hypothermic

Temperature below normal range

Hyperthermic

Temperature above normal range

Febrile

Temperature above 100.4

60-100

Normal pulse range

Bradycardia

Pulse below normal range

Tachycardia

Pulse above normal range

12-20

Normal respiration range

Bradypnea

Respirations below normal range

Tachypnea

Respirations above normal range

Under 120/80

Normal blood pressure range

Elevated blood pressure

120-129/<80

Stage I hypertension

130-139/80-89

Stage 2 hypertension

>140/>90

Hypertensive crisis

>180/>120

95-100%

Normal range for pulse ox

Hypoxia

Oxygen saturation below normal range

Bell

Smaller part of stethoscope used for children

Diaphragm

Larger part of stethoscope used for adults

80%

The bladder of a BP cuff should be what percent of arm circumference

40%

The bladder of a BP cuff should be what percent of arm vertically

Korotkoff sounds

Sounds heard while taking the blood pressure

Onset

O in old carts

Location

L in old carts

Duration

D in old carts

Charectoristics

C in old carts

Associated manifestation

A in old carts

Relieving factors

R in old carts

Treatments

T in old carts

Conduit

Brachial, femoral, and muscular arteries

Inspection

Looking and listening

Palaption

Touching patient

Percussion

Tapping/hitting patient to make sound

Auscultation

Listening with a stethoscope

Urgency

Strong feeling of having to urinate

Incontinence

Inability to hold urine

Enuresis

lack of control in urination; bed-wetting and incontinence

Oliguria

Small amount of urine (<30ml/hr)

Polyuria

Large amount of urine

Dysuria

Pain or burning with urination

Proteinuria

Protein present in urine

Hematuria

Blood present in urine

Nocturia

Waking up to urinate

Nephrolithiasis

Kidney stones

Renal calculus

Kidney stones; Made of salts and minerals

Renal artery stenosis

Narrowing of renal artery

ED

Erectile dysfunction

Dyspareunia

Painful intercourse

Menarche

Onset of menses during puberty

LMP

Last menstrual period; measured from the first day of bleeding

EDC

Estimated date of confinement (day a baby is expected to be born)

EDD

Estimated due date (day a baby is expected to be born)

Renal insufficiency (failure)

Loss of 25% of kidney function

End stage renal disease (ESRD)

Loss of 90% of kidney function

Yearly

How often is a physical exam recommended

50-74

Mammograms are recommended every 2 years between what ages

40

If there is a family history of breast cancer, what age should mammograms begin at

3

Pap smears should be conducted every ____ years between ages 21-29

5

Co-test of HPV and Pap smear should be conducted every ____ years at age 30

65

What age can cervical cancer screens (Pap smear and HPV test) stop at

Ovarian cancer

What cancer is there no screening available for the general population (Just for high risk patients)

Transvaginal ultrasound

Screening begins for high risk patients for ovarian cancer at age 30 by using what

Abdominal aortic aneurysm screening

Test conducted one time between ages 65-75 in men with a smoking history

20-34

Testicular cancer is most prevalent in white males ages:

Biopsy

What is the gold standard for testicular and prostate cancer diagnosis

Prostate

Which cancer is the 2nd leading cause of death in males and is common in males 50 and older

PSA

Routine screening for prostate cancer is not recommended, but ______ levels may be recommended for high risk males 50+ with a life expectancy of >10 years

Fecal occult test

Test of stool that can be done every year between ages of 45-75 to test for colon cancer

*Positive result: blue

Fecal immunochemical test (FIT)

Test that uses antibodies to detect colon cancer and can be done yearly between ages 45-75

Sigmoidoscopy

What is recommended every 5 years to test for colon cancer

Colonoscopy

What is recommended every 10 years to test for colon cancer

Lung

What type of cancer is the leading cause of death

50-80

People aged _____-_____ who have a 20 pack/year smoking history who currently smoke or quit in the past 15 years should have a Ct scan done annually to test for lung cancer

Arcus senilis

Gray ring around eye

Pterygium

Bulging bump from eye

Stye (eclezion)

Clogged pore around eye

Conjunctivits

Pink eye

Subconjuctiva bleed

Blood in eye

Strabismus

One eye points inwards

Ptosis

Drooping of eyelid

Iris

Colored part of the eye

Pupil

The opening through which light enters the eye (black part)

Schlera

white of the eye

Conjunctiva

Delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the eyeball

Cornea

The clear tissue that covers the front of the eye

Lens

the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina

Herpes simplex

cold sores

Gingival hypertrophy

Increased size of the gum encircling the teeth