HOSPI LAB - PRELIMS COMBINED

HOSPITAL PHARMACY

• is a specialized field of pharmacy located within hospitals or medical institutions that is responsible for the procurement, storage, compounding, dispensing, and monitoring of medications used within the facility
• branch of pharmacy that focuses on the management & delivery of pharmaceutical services within the hospital setting

PSHP (Philippine Society of Hospital Pharmacists)

"to promote safe and effective use of medication by enhancing the competence of its members and by collaborating with other healthcare professionals and allied organizations to improve the health and wellbeing of patients"

STERILE ENVIRONMENTS

contamination free zones "prepares medication that will be administered directly in bloodstream"

Hospital Licensure Act

RA 4226

Food and Drug Administration Act of 2009

RA 9711

STOCK CARD SYSTEM

manual, paper based system

DIGITAL INVENTORY TRACKING

provide excel / app given by hospital

HOSPITAL

an institution providing comprehensive medical services to in-patients and out-patients, including diagnostic, therapeutic, surgical, and nursing care

PUBLIC HOSPITAL

• created by law, government-owned hospital (under supervision of certain agencies - ex: DOH, DND, PNP, Stage colleges and universities, LGU)

PRIVATE HOSPITAL

owned, established and operated with funds through donation, principal investment or other means by any individuals, corporation, association or organization

GENERAL HOSPITAL

provides services for all kinds of illnesses, diseases, injuries, or deformities (any group of population)

SPECIALTY HOSPITAL

specializes in a particular disease or condition or in one type of patient (certain group of people)

Philippine Pharmacy Act

RA 10918

TRADITIONAL WARD STOCK SYSTEM

• medications are sticked in bulk (not patient-specific)
• nurses prepare and administer medicines at the ward level

UNIT DOSE SYSTEM

• medications are labeled with the patient's name, drug name, dose, route, and time
• pharmacist reviews all medications before they are sent to the wards
• follows the 5 rights (patient, drug, dose, route, time)

CENTRALIZED UNIT DOSE SYSTEM

• central pharmacy prepares 24 hour doses
• uses cart exchange system
• high control and standardization

DECENTRALIZED UNIT DOSE SYSTEM

• combines central and ward-level services
• medications can be modified quickly

AUTOMATED DISPENSING CABINETS (ADC)

• barcode scanning, fingerprint /PIN access
• linked to hospital's electronic health record
• inventory control built in

SATELLITE PHARMACY

• staffed by pharmacists or pharmacy technicians
• handles compounding, dispensing, and consultation on-site
• may serve as a single department or unit

MEDICATION ORDER

• is a written, verbal, or electronic instruction issued by a licensed prescriber for the administration of a drug to a hospitalized patient

NAME ALERT

A method of alerting staff when two or more patients with the same or similarly spelled last names are located on a nursing unit

DOSE

amount of drug at a single time

DOSAGE

amount of drug with frequency

STRENGTH / CONCENTRATION

amount of drug per unit

LOT NUMBER

• unique sequence of digits
• identify products in a same batch - provide information that produces same ingredients and materials

NATURAL DRUG CODE (NDC)

• 10 digits, 3 sequence numbers used by FDA for identification of their drugs (US FDA)
• universal identifier to track the drug

FDA-DR-123456

(CPR#) product is a drug

MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION RECORD (MAR)

verification tool

DOSAGE FORMS

• are the physical forms of a drug that contain an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and excipients designed for specific routes of administration
• vehicles drug can be delivered in the body

API

exert therapeutic effect

API

exert therapeutic effect

EXCIPIENTS

without therapeutic properties (responsible either specific function)

SHELF-LIFE

length of time, to look and act as expected

BIOAVAILABILITY

amount of drug that reaches the site of action (unaltered)

SOLUTIONS

(1) aqueous solutions; (2) sweet or other viscid aqueous solution; (3) non-aqueous solutions

GELS

(suspension) jelly-like

LOTIONS

(suspension) for application on wider parts of the body

MAGMAS AND MIXTURES

(suspension) viscous aqueous liquid preparations containing suspended insoluble substance, very thick

AROMATIC WATERS

(aqueous solution) saturated solution of volatile + dissolved water

SIMPLE AROMATIC WATER

type of aromatic water that is dissolved in water

CONCENTRATED AROMATIC WATER

type of aromatic water that is dissolved in alcohol

DOUCHES

device used to introduce a stream of water into the body (vagina) - for cleaning purposes

ENEMAS

introduce water in rectum (stimulate bowel movement)

GARGLES

aqueous solution for the throat (different purposes: ex: infection, ubo)

MOUTHWASHES

aqueous solution for the mouth (deodorize)

NASAL SOLUTIONS

aqueous solution for the inside of nasal cavity

OTIC SOLUTIONS

aqueous solutions for the ears

VISCID

meaning viscous

SYRUP

sweet/viscid solution that has three types: (1) simple; (2) medicated; (3) flavored

MUCILAGES

(sweet/viscid solution) - almost paste like in consistency; usually use as suspending agent / demulcent

DEMULCENT

provide protective film in mucous membranes

COLLODION

nitrocellulose dissolved in alcohol / ether, which forms a flexible film on the skin

ELIXIRS

clear; sweetened hydroalcoholic solutions

LINIMENTS

for external application with rub and massage for relieving pain

SPIRITS

higher volatile substance = higher alcohol content (more than 60%)

TOOTHACHE DROPS

concentrated, alcohol based solutions applied locally in teeth for anesthesia

EMULSIONS

dispersed system of 2 immiscible liquids

SUSPENSIONS

2 phase system - solid suspended in liquid

TINCTURE

alcoholic or hydroalcoholic extract of vegetable or animal drugs

FLUID EXTRACT

concentrated liquids from plant or animal extract

EXTRACT

concentrated solids from plant or animal materials

SOLUTIONS READY FOR INJECTION

(parenteral preparation) dry SOLUBLE product

SUSPENSIONS READY FOR INJECTION

(parenteral preparation) dry INSOLUBLE product`

INTRAVENOUS FLUIDS

intravenous admixture administered directly in the bloodstream

TOTAL PARENTERAL SOLUTION

• entirely through intravenous route (for patient cannot use digestive systems at all)
• contains all nutrients needed by patient: (carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals)

PARTIAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION

more diluted, fewer calories, short term IV admixture

WETTING SOLUTIONS

maintain moisture for lens comfort

CLEANSING SOLUTIONS

remove deposits

DISINFECTION SOLUTIONS

kill microbes on lens

SOAKING SOLUTIONS

multi-purpose stored solutions

ARTIFICIAL TEARS

lubricating eye drops

OINTMENT

• contain more oil than creams = thick
• for dry, flaky
• thicker & greasier (high oil content)

CREAM

• contain less oil - higher amounts of water
• for moist
• lighter and less greasy
• evaporate quickly

CATAPLASM

soft, moist mass applied hot or cold to body surface

POULTICES

another term for cataplasm

PASTES

thick ointment with high solid content

DRESSINGS

• medicated gauzes
• need tape

PLASTERS

• adhesive layers with medication for prolonged skin contact

SUPPOSITORIES

• instituted specific body orifices
• systemic and local effects

PESSARIES

vaginal suppository

BULLET

rectal suppository

BOUGIES

urethral suppository

POWDERS

finely divided particles

0.1 nm - 10 mm

usual size of powder ranges from

ORAL POWDERS

powder used for internal

DENTIFRICES

powders used to improve oral hygiene (teeth)

DOUCHE POWDERS

powders for vaginal irritation after dilution

DUSTING POWDERS

topical powders for skin antisepsis or moisture control

INSUFFLATIONS

powdered medication blown into body cavities

TRITURATIONS

reduce size of solid substance (comminuted using mortar and pestle)

TABLETS

compressed solid (powder / granules) dosage form

CAP

short portion of capsule

BODY

long portion of capsule

SOFT CAPSULES

have more plasticizer

HARD CAPSULES

have less plasticizer

GLYCERIN AND SORBITOL

usually used as plasticizer

PILLS

(oral) small, round masses

TROCHES

(oral) solid masses intended to dissolve in the mouth

LOZENGES

another term for troches

PELLETS

(oral) small, cylindrical dosage units