Lecture 4 - RISK ASSESSMENT, ACCIDENT PREVENTION, SEVESO

ecotoxicology presentation lecture 4 that i was totally not doing at 5 am because I am a friggin nightowl, how do i become a day bird pls help it's hard

What is a RISK

\-potentioal of Gaining / Losing something of Value

\-interaction with uncertain outcome

\-expressed quantitatively (0-low=10-high risk) or qualitatively

Give examples of VALUES to protect

physical health, social status, emotial wellbeing, and other stuff i guess, i would add landscape and environment but that was not in her presentation

Describe HAZARD (activity)

=is a situation/object that is a threat. Unless we are near the hazard it is not a risk.

=in case of system failure causes harm

(For example edge of a cliff is hazard, but only going near the edge is a risk. || chemical operation || drilling work)

Descripe hazard TYPE, MODE, SEVERITY

TYPE: physical, chemical, biological, psychological, ergonomic

MODE: dormant, potential, active

SEVERITY: extreme, moderate, low

When does EMERGENCY occur

when a hazard is active AND mitigation measures don’t work

=disaster-(landscape) / accident-(towns)

\
>>if mitigation measures work it is “just” and “incident”

Definte a THREAT

=intent to inflict harm/ exploit

What valuables does an ASSET (value) set include?

EVERYTHING that has any value = material, immaterial, (ecosystem, water quality, health)

VULNERABILITY what is it

a weakness that can be misused (abused)

\-physical, logical, in the administrative weaknesses exist

\-usually exploited by the threat

Job of RISK MANAGEMENT (prevention)?

Prevent an emergency from happening by proposing PREVENTIVE MEASURES + identification of risks

Outcomes of managing da Risk:

• Elimination - risk is completely eliminated

• Reduction - safety systems are there to protecc us

• transfer - insurance for possible impacts

NOTE: resources used to mitigate risk should be less impactful than the risk happening

-there is an EU legislation on Risk management

How to Manage a RISK? (oversimplified)

=> managing the risks is always performed in a specific order

=> works with best avaible information, is able to address uncertainty

=> is flexible

• identify hazard

• asses how vulnerable we are to it

• determine the risk - likelihood of happening and type of attak

• identify how to reduce risk

• make preventive methods base don which one is best

Job of EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

handles situations where threat already intruded, security had been compromised

\-we can at least try to minimise the *CONSEQUENCES*

Job of RISK ASSESMENT tool?

=> modern tool to evaluate present risks of activities (any activities, any area of work)

QUESTIONS of RA:

• What can go wrong?

• How likely will it go wrong?

• What are the consequences?

EXAMPELS of what it is assessing:

• health safety requirements

• efficiency and unriskiness of production

• territorial planning (natural disaster vulnerability, emergencies)

• research activities (process risk analysis)

• other social threats like terrorism, covid

Probabilistic Risk Analysis *equasion*

R=c.p

triplet of:

s~scenario

p~probability of da scenario

c~consequences of da scenario

N=total number of scenarios

Example of a Disasters (hint: japan, japan, ukraine, italy)

Seveso-ITA, Chernobyl-UA, Fukushima-JAP

\[history\] ====Shortly about Seveso, ITA (enjoy reading)====

\-1976

\-industrial accident near Milan

\-small chemical plant released a shit ton of chlorobenzo smt gas (TCDD) yes it is poisonous.

\-ofc they kept it silent until like 2 weeks after it happened

\-what did we learn?: the system in that plant failed completely and today safety regulations are BETTER yay

\[history\] ====STOCKHOLM convention====

since 1950s scientist (Carson) was like: ayo these chemicals do bad stuff to the planet we gotta stop

• OSN prepared the convention

• 2004 almost all existing countries signed the convention

• POPa are banned

Heard of ELD?

**=Environmental Liability Directive**

\-2009

\-is all about containment of spills and firewater (waste water)

\-used when making large projects (OSN, WB, IFC)