AP LANG: RHETORIC VOCAB

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14 Terms

1

Pathos

Sparks a distinct emotional response from the audience.

Writers and Speakers convey pathos using:

  • Sensory imagery

  • figurative language

  • Emotionally charged language

  • repetition

  • rhetorical questions

  • hyperbole

  • humor and sarcasm

  • powerful description

Includes emotion like: Joy, pride, anger, disgust, nostalgia, and gratitude

<p>Sparks a distinct emotional response from the audience. </p><p>Writers and Speakers convey pathos using:</p><ul><li><p>Sensory imagery</p></li></ul><ul><li><p>figurative language</p></li><li><p>Emotionally charged language </p></li><li><p>repetition </p></li><li><p>rhetorical questions </p></li><li><p>hyperbole</p></li><li><p>humor and sarcasm </p></li><li><p>powerful description </p></li></ul><p>Includes emotion like: Joy, pride, anger, disgust, nostalgia, and gratitude</p>
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2

Ethos

Language that affirms the speaker or writers credibility, values, and authority to speak about a particular topic

Writers and Speakers convey ethos using:

  • Details about the writer’s background

  • anecdotes and examples

  • jargon or concepts

  • references to reputation, legacy, and character

<p>Language that affirms the speaker or writers credibility, values, and authority to speak about a particular topic </p><p>Writers and Speakers convey ethos using:</p><ul><li><p>Details about the writer’s background </p></li><li><p>anecdotes and examples</p></li><li><p>jargon or concepts</p></li><li><p>references to reputation, legacy, and character</p><p></p></li></ul><p></p>
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3

Logos

language that explains the reasoning behind an idea using steps of logic and concrete evidence

Writers and speakers convey logos by:

  • Facts

  • anecdotes

  • inductive reasoning

  • deductive reasoning

  • statistics

  • counterarguments

  • comparisons

  • analogies

<p>language that explains the reasoning behind an idea using steps of logic and concrete evidence </p><p>Writers and speakers convey logos by:</p><ul><li><p>Facts</p></li><li><p>anecdotes</p></li><li><p>inductive reasoning</p></li><li><p>deductive reasoning</p></li><li><p>statistics</p></li><li><p>counterarguments </p></li><li><p>comparisons </p></li><li><p>analogies </p></li></ul><p></p>
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4

Rhetorical question

The question a speaker asks without expecting an answer

Writers and speakers convey this by:

  • sparking curiosity about a topic

  • Make the audience consider a new perspective

  • Create an emotional response

  • allow the audience to follow steps of logic

  • Encourage active participation or listening

  • Make a point obvious or intuitive

<p>The question a speaker asks without expecting an answer</p><p>Writers and speakers convey this by:</p><ul><li><p>sparking curiosity about a topic </p></li><li><p>Make the audience consider a new perspective </p></li><li><p>Create an emotional response</p></li><li><p>allow the audience to follow steps of logic </p></li><li><p>Encourage active participation or listening </p></li><li><p>Make a point obvious or intuitive </p></li></ul><p></p>
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5

Anaphora

Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of several consecutive clauses or sentences

Writers and speakers convey this by:

  • by creating a strong emotional response

  • issue a call to action

  • Build up anticipation or excitement

  • Reinforce a point to ensure the audience does not forget it

<p>Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of several consecutive clauses or sentences</p><p>Writers and speakers convey this by: </p><ul><li><p>by creating a strong emotional response </p></li><li><p>issue a call to action</p></li><li><p>Build up anticipation or excitement </p></li><li><p>Reinforce a point to ensure the audience does not forget it </p></li></ul><p></p>
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6

Antithesis

A sentence that contrasts two opposing concepts or images using a balanced structure

Writers and speakers convey this by:

  • Highlight key distinctions between ideas

  • sounds rhythmic or harmonious

  • portray a topic as a moral issue

  • describe a counterargument

  • Simplify complex issues or controversy

  • antithesis is a type of juxtapostion and uses two direct opposites, whereas juxtaposition uses any sort of difference and doesn’t have to be entirely opposites

<p>A sentence that contrasts two opposing concepts or images using a balanced structure</p><p>Writers and speakers convey this by:</p><ul><li><p>Highlight key distinctions between ideas</p></li><li><p>sounds rhythmic or harmonious</p></li><li><p>portray a topic as a moral issue</p></li><li><p>describe a counterargument</p></li><li><p>Simplify complex issues or controversy</p><p></p></li><li><p><span>antithesis is a type of juxtapostion and uses two direct opposites, whereas juxtaposition uses any sort of difference and doesn’t have to be entirely opposites</span></p></li></ul><p></p>
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7

Anecdotes

A short story that illustrates point the speaker is trying to make. Anecdotes can be real or fictional.

Writers and speakers convey this by:

  • Paint a vivid picture in the audience’s mind

  • Help the audience identify personal connections to the story

  • Bolster the speaker’s credibility

  • Create an emotional response

  • Endear the speaker to the audience through humor

<p>A short story that illustrates point the speaker is trying to make. Anecdotes can be real or fictional. </p><p>Writers and speakers convey this by:</p><ul><li><p>Paint a vivid picture in the audience’s mind</p></li><li><p>Help the audience identify personal connections to the story </p></li><li><p>Bolster the speaker’s  credibility </p></li><li><p>Create an emotional response </p></li><li><p>Endear the speaker to the audience through humor</p></li></ul><p></p>
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8

Analogy

Comparison of a concept to another idea, object, situation, or image meant to explain the concept in a simpler and more understandable way

Writers and speakers convey this by:

  • Make an idea seem daunting

  • Alter the mood through humorous or serious comparisons

  • Create a striking image in the audience’s head

  • Appeals to the audience’s sense of logic

  • Dispel myth or misconception

<p>Comparison of a concept to another idea, object, situation, or image meant to explain the concept in a simpler and more understandable way</p><p>Writers and speakers convey this by:</p><ul><li><p>Make an idea seem daunting </p></li><li><p>Alter the mood through humorous or serious comparisons</p></li><li><p>Create a striking image in the audience’s head </p></li><li><p>Appeals to the audience’s sense of logic</p></li><li><p>Dispel myth or misconception</p></li></ul><p></p>
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9

Allusion

Reference to a text, person, place or any event or item the audience likely knows

Writers and speakers convey this by:

  • Establishing a better understanding of idea/perspective

  • Allow the audience to relate to the speaker due to shared background knowledge

  • Spark a particular emotional response associated with the reference

  • Allow the audience to understand the subtext of the speaker’s language

<p>Reference to a text, person, place or any event or item the audience likely knows </p><p>Writers and speakers convey this by:</p><ul><li><p>Establishing a better understanding of idea/perspective</p></li><li><p>Allow the audience to relate to the speaker due to shared background knowledge </p></li><li><p>Spark a particular emotional response associated with the reference </p></li><li><p>Allow the audience to understand the subtext of the speaker’s language</p><p></p></li></ul><p></p>
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10

Imagery

Vivid description of an object, event, place, or idea that appeals to at least one of the five senses

Writers and speakers convey this by:

  • transporting the audience to a particular place

  • create a jarring or surprising picture

  • evoke an emotion such as nostalgia and awe

  • Spotlight a problem or issue

  • remind the audience members of a memory

  • turn an abstract idea into a tangible one

<p>Vivid description of an object, event, place, or idea that appeals to at least one of the five senses </p><p>Writers and speakers convey this by:</p><ul><li><p>transporting the audience to a particular place </p></li><li><p>create a jarring or surprising picture</p></li><li><p>evoke an emotion such as nostalgia and awe</p></li><li><p>Spotlight a problem or issue </p></li><li><p>remind the audience members of a memory </p></li><li><p>turn an abstract idea into a tangible one </p></li></ul><p></p>
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11

Paradox

A word or phrase that seems to contradict itself but actually reveals a truth

Can be conveyed by:

  • Establishing humorous or amused tone

  • uncover a hidden or surprising reality

  • highlight someone’s hypocrisy

  • Prompt the audience to think more creatively

<p>A word or phrase that seems to contradict itself but actually reveals a truth</p><p><span>Can be conveyed by:</span></p><ul><li><p>Establishing humorous or amused tone </p></li><li><p>uncover a hidden or surprising reality </p></li><li><p>highlight someone’s hypocrisy </p></li><li><p>Prompt the audience to think more creatively </p><p></p></li></ul><p></p>
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12

Tone

Speaker’s attitude towards the subject of the text. Expressed as an emotion or characteristic.

can be conveyed by:

  • Making an idea seem more powerful/urgent

  • create a strong emotional response

  • change the atmosphere of the room

  • accuse, praise, denounce or inspire others

  • persuade the audience to agree with the speaker’s perspective

<p>Speaker’s attitude towards the subject of the text. Expressed as an emotion or characteristic. </p><p>can be conveyed by:</p><ul><li><p>Making an idea seem more powerful/urgent</p></li><li><p>create a strong emotional response</p></li><li><p>change the atmosphere of the room</p></li><li><p>accuse, praise, denounce or inspire others </p></li><li><p>persuade the audience to agree with the speaker’s perspective </p><p></p></li></ul><p></p>
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13

diction

The speakers style of writing, conveyed through their intentional word choice

<p>The speakers style of writing, conveyed through their intentional word choice</p>
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14

Parallelism

Repetition of a grammatical structure across several clauses or sentences

can be conveyed by:

  • Creating a steady rhythm

  • Emphasize a set of sequential ideas

  • build anticipation or excitement

  • issue a call to action

  • leave the audience with a memorable takeaway

  • describe the process step by step

<p>Repetition of a grammatical structure across several clauses or sentences </p><p>can be conveyed by:</p><ul><li><p>Creating a steady rhythm </p></li><li><p>Emphasize a set of sequential ideas</p></li><li><p>build anticipation or excitement </p></li><li><p>issue a call to action</p></li><li><p>leave the audience with a memorable takeaway</p></li><li><p>describe the process step by step</p></li></ul><p></p>
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