AP LANG: RHETORIC VOCAB

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14 Terms

1

Pathos

Sparks a distinct emotional response from the audience.

Writers and Speakers convey pathos using:

Sensory imagery

figurative language
Emotionally charged language
repetition
rhetorical questions
hyperbole
humor and sarcasm
powerful description

Includes emotion like: Joy, pride, anger, disgust, nostalgia, and gratitude

<p>Sparks a distinct emotional response from the audience. </p><p>Writers and Speakers convey pathos using:</p><ul><li><p>Sensory imagery</p></li></ul><ul><li><p>figurative language</p></li><li><p>Emotionally charged language </p></li><li><p>repetition </p></li><li><p>rhetorical questions </p></li><li><p>hyperbole</p></li><li><p>humor and sarcasm </p></li><li><p>powerful description </p></li></ul><p>Includes emotion like: Joy, pride, anger, disgust, nostalgia, and gratitude</p>

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2

Ethos

Language that affirms the speaker or writers credibility, values, and authority to speak about a particular topic

Writers and Speakers convey ethos using:

Details about the writer’s background
anecdotes and examples
jargon or concepts
references to reputation, legacy, and character

<p>Language that affirms the speaker or writers credibility, values, and authority to speak about a particular topic </p><p>Writers and Speakers convey ethos using:</p><ul><li><p>Details about the writer’s background </p></li><li><p>anecdotes and examples</p></li><li><p>jargon or concepts</p></li><li><p>references to reputation, legacy, and character</p><p></p></li></ul><p></p>

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3

Logos

language that explains the reasoning behind an idea using steps of logic and concrete evidence

Writers and speakers convey logos by:

Facts
anecdotes
inductive reasoning
deductive reasoning
statistics
counterarguments
comparisons
analogies

<p>language that explains the reasoning behind an idea using steps of logic and concrete evidence </p><p>Writers and speakers convey logos by:</p><ul><li><p>Facts</p></li><li><p>anecdotes</p></li><li><p>inductive reasoning</p></li><li><p>deductive reasoning</p></li><li><p>statistics</p></li><li><p>counterarguments </p></li><li><p>comparisons </p></li><li><p>analogies </p></li></ul><p></p>

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4

Rhetorical question

The question a speaker asks without expecting an answer

Writers and speakers convey this by:

sparking curiosity about a topic
Make the audience consider a new perspective
Create an emotional response
allow the audience to follow steps of logic
Encourage active participation or listening
Make a point obvious or intuitive

<p>The question a speaker asks without expecting an answer</p><p>Writers and speakers convey this by:</p><ul><li><p>sparking curiosity about a topic </p></li><li><p>Make the audience consider a new perspective </p></li><li><p>Create an emotional response</p></li><li><p>allow the audience to follow steps of logic </p></li><li><p>Encourage active participation or listening </p></li><li><p>Make a point obvious or intuitive </p></li></ul><p></p>

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5

Anaphora

Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of several consecutive clauses or sentences

Writers and speakers convey this by:

by creating a strong emotional response
issue a call to action
Build up anticipation or excitement
Reinforce a point to ensure the audience does not forget it

<p>Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of several consecutive clauses or sentences</p><p>Writers and speakers convey this by: </p><ul><li><p>by creating a strong emotional response </p></li><li><p>issue a call to action</p></li><li><p>Build up anticipation or excitement </p></li><li><p>Reinforce a point to ensure the audience does not forget it </p></li></ul><p></p>

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6

Antithesis

A sentence that contrasts two opposing concepts or images using a balanced structure

Writers and speakers convey this by:

Highlight key distinctions between ideas
sounds rhythmic or harmonious
portray a topic as a moral issue
describe a counterargument
Simplify complex issues or controversy
antithesis is a type of juxtapostion and uses two direct opposites, whereas juxtaposition uses any sort of difference and doesn’t have to be entirely opposites

<p>A sentence that contrasts two opposing concepts or images using a balanced structure</p><p>Writers and speakers convey this by:</p><ul><li><p>Highlight key distinctions between ideas</p></li><li><p>sounds rhythmic or harmonious</p></li><li><p>portray a topic as a moral issue</p></li><li><p>describe a counterargument</p></li><li><p>Simplify complex issues or controversy</p><p></p></li><li><p><span>antithesis is a type of juxtapostion and uses two direct opposites, whereas juxtaposition uses any sort of difference and doesn’t have to be entirely opposites</span></p></li></ul><p></p>

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7

Anecdotes

A short story that illustrates point the speaker is trying to make. Anecdotes can be real or fictional.

Writers and speakers convey this by:

Paint a vivid picture in the audience’s mind
Help the audience identify personal connections to the story
Bolster the speaker’s credibility
Create an emotional response
Endear the speaker to the audience through humor

<p>A short story that illustrates point the speaker is trying to make. Anecdotes can be real or fictional. </p><p>Writers and speakers convey this by:</p><ul><li><p>Paint a vivid picture in the audience’s mind</p></li><li><p>Help the audience identify personal connections to the story </p></li><li><p>Bolster the speaker’s credibility </p></li><li><p>Create an emotional response </p></li><li><p>Endear the speaker to the audience through humor</p></li></ul><p></p>

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8

Analogy

Comparison of a concept to another idea, object, situation, or image meant to explain the concept in a simpler and more understandable way

Writers and speakers convey this by:

Make an idea seem daunting
Alter the mood through humorous or serious comparisons
Create a striking image in the audience’s head
Appeals to the audience’s sense of logic
Dispel myth or misconception

<p>Comparison of a concept to another idea, object, situation, or image meant to explain the concept in a simpler and more understandable way</p><p>Writers and speakers convey this by:</p><ul><li><p>Make an idea seem daunting </p></li><li><p>Alter the mood through humorous or serious comparisons</p></li><li><p>Create a striking image in the audience’s head </p></li><li><p>Appeals to the audience’s sense of logic</p></li><li><p>Dispel myth or misconception</p></li></ul><p></p>

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9

Allusion

Reference to a text, person, place or any event or item the audience likely knows

Writers and speakers convey this by:

Establishing a better understanding of idea/perspective
Allow the audience to relate to the speaker due to shared background knowledge
Spark a particular emotional response associated with the reference
Allow the audience to understand the subtext of the speaker’s language

<p>Reference to a text, person, place or any event or item the audience likely knows </p><p>Writers and speakers convey this by:</p><ul><li><p>Establishing a better understanding of idea/perspective</p></li><li><p>Allow the audience to relate to the speaker due to shared background knowledge </p></li><li><p>Spark a particular emotional response associated with the reference </p></li><li><p>Allow the audience to understand the subtext of the speaker’s language</p><p></p></li></ul><p></p>

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10

Imagery

Vivid description of an object, event, place, or idea that appeals to at least one of the five senses

Writers and speakers convey this by:

transporting the audience to a particular place
create a jarring or surprising picture
evoke an emotion such as nostalgia and awe
Spotlight a problem or issue
remind the audience members of a memory
turn an abstract idea into a tangible one

<p>Vivid description of an object, event, place, or idea that appeals to at least one of the five senses </p><p>Writers and speakers convey this by:</p><ul><li><p>transporting the audience to a particular place </p></li><li><p>create a jarring or surprising picture</p></li><li><p>evoke an emotion such as nostalgia and awe</p></li><li><p>Spotlight a problem or issue </p></li><li><p>remind the audience members of a memory </p></li><li><p>turn an abstract idea into a tangible one </p></li></ul><p></p>

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11

Paradox

A word or phrase that seems to contradict itself but actually reveals a truth

Can be conveyed by:

Establishing humorous or amused tone
uncover a hidden or surprising reality
highlight someone’s hypocrisy
Prompt the audience to think more creatively

<p>A word or phrase that seems to contradict itself but actually reveals a truth</p><p><span>Can be conveyed by:</span></p><ul><li><p>Establishing humorous or amused tone </p></li><li><p>uncover a hidden or surprising reality </p></li><li><p>highlight someone’s hypocrisy </p></li><li><p>Prompt the audience to think more creatively </p><p></p></li></ul><p></p>

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12

Tone

Speaker’s attitude towards the subject of the text. Expressed as an emotion or characteristic.

can be conveyed by:

Making an idea seem more powerful/urgent
create a strong emotional response
change the atmosphere of the room
accuse, praise, denounce or inspire others
persuade the audience to agree with the speaker’s perspective

<p>Speaker’s attitude towards the subject of the text. Expressed as an emotion or characteristic. </p><p>can be conveyed by:</p><ul><li><p>Making an idea seem more powerful/urgent</p></li><li><p>create a strong emotional response</p></li><li><p>change the atmosphere of the room</p></li><li><p>accuse, praise, denounce or inspire others </p></li><li><p>persuade the audience to agree with the speaker’s perspective </p><p></p></li></ul><p></p>

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13

diction

The speakers style of writing, conveyed through their intentional word choice

<p>The speakers style of writing, conveyed through their intentional word choice</p>

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14

Parallelism

Repetition of a grammatical structure across several clauses or sentences

can be conveyed by:

Creating a steady rhythm
Emphasize a set of sequential ideas
build anticipation or excitement
issue a call to action
leave the audience with a memorable takeaway
describe the process step by step

<p>Repetition of a grammatical structure across several clauses or sentences </p><p>can be conveyed by:</p><ul><li><p>Creating a steady rhythm </p></li><li><p>Emphasize a set of sequential ideas</p></li><li><p>build anticipation or excitement </p></li><li><p>issue a call to action</p></li><li><p>leave the audience with a memorable takeaway</p></li><li><p>describe the process step by step</p></li></ul><p></p>

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