SPN 21 Grammar

ser or estar: expresses origin; ______ de India

ser

ser or estar: expresses possession; La mochila _____ de Divya.

ser

ser or estar: before adjectives to indicate the condition does not result from a change.

ser

ser or estar: to link 2 nouns or pronouns / to link a noun and a pronoun; Divya __________ arquitecto

ser

ser or estar: expressing time, dates, days, of the week, and where an event takes place

ser

ser or estar: express location or position (temporary OR permanent)

estar

ser or estar: used before adjectives to indicate that the condition results from a change

estar

ser or estar: formation of progressive tenses (ing verbs)

estar

ser or estar: ______ + past participle is passive, often has an agent phrase introduced by por

ser

ser or estar: _______ + past participle expresses the result of an action

estar

ser or estar: The door was opened by the girl. La puerta ___ abierta por la chica.

ser

ser or estar: La puerta ______ abierta.

estar

es listo vs. está listo

is clever vs. is ready

son vivos vs. están vivos

are sharp, quick vs. are lively

es seguro vs. está seguro

is safe vs. is sure

es rica/mala vs. está rica/mala

is rich vs. is delicious/yuck (specific dish)

past participle: abrir

abierto

past participle: abrir

abierto

past participle: cubrir

cubierto

past participle: decir

dicho

past participle: escribir

escrito

past participle: freír

frito

past participle: hacer

hecho

past participle: imprimir

impreso

past participle: morir

muerto

past participle: poner

puesto

past participle: romper

roto

past participle: ver

visto

past participle: volver

vuelto

structure of comparison of superiority

más + adjective + que

structure of comparison of inferiority

menos + adjective + que

structure of comparison of equality

tan + adjective + como

when comparing verbs + nouns, tan changes to _________

tanto/tanta/tantas/tantos

If the pronoun is a direct/indirect object of the verb, what happens to the “que”

it becomes “que a _____”

más que nada

more than anything

mejor que nadié

better than anyone

más ______ que nunca meaning

more _______ than ever

when the second part implies a standard for comparison, the que is replaced by:

de lo que

este libro es más difícil ________ cree el profesor

de lo que

superlative form

más/menos + adjective

after a superlative, in is translated as __

de

absolute superlative suffix

ísimo/ísima

when forming absolute superlatives:

c changes to

g changes to

z changes to

qu

gu

c

para and por mean

for

para or por: labels destination; tomaron el tren _____ Córdoba

para

para or por: labels the time by which something will occur; Terminaré ____ el martes

para

para or por: labels the figurative goal; es un honor _____ nosotros

para

para or por: labels the standard for comparison; ____ doctora, sabe poco

para

para or por: labels someone’s opinion; _____ mí

para

para or por:

_____ entonces

_____ otra vez

_____ siempre

_____ variar

ser tal ____ cual

estar _____

para

para or por: expresses motion through a place

por

para or por: expresses impresice destination

por

para or por: expresses duration of time

por

para or por: expresses imprecise point in time

por

para or por: designates the cause; se ofrenden ___ cualquier cosa

por

para or por: designates the means by which something is done; mándeme un mensaje ___ correo electrónico

por

para or por: designates motivation or person for whose sake something is done; brindaron ___ el equipo vencedor

por

para or por: expresses exchange or substitution; pagamos mucho dinero ___ el coche

por

para or por: adds the idea of motion to prepositions of locations; el caballo saltó ___ encima de la valla

por

para or por: labels agent in passive constructures with a past participle

por

para esa época vs. por esa época

by that time vs. around that time

para algo lo hizo vs. por algo lo hizo

he did it for a purpose vs. he did it for some reason or the other

Trabajo para el señor Domínguez vs. Trabajo por el señor Domínguez

I work for Mr. Domínguez vs. I work in Mr. Domínguez’s place

saber preterit meaning

to find out

conocer preterit meaning

to meet for the first time

poder preterit meaning

to succeed / fail

querer preterit meaning

to try / to refuse

preterit or imperfect: ________ “todos los días”/”siempre”

imperfect

preterit or imperfect: description and expressing background information

imperfect

preterit or imperfect: what time was it

imperfect

preterit or imperfect: indirect discourse (explaining what someone said); “me dijo que _______”

imperfect

preterit or imperfect: interruption

preterit

preterit or imperfect: reaction to something

preterit

preterit or imperfect: emotion

imperfect

saber imperfect meaning

to know, have familiarity with

conocer imperfect meaning

to know, be acquainted with

poder imperfect

to not be able to

querer imperfect meaning

did/didn’t want, desire

past perfect formation

imperfect haber + past participle

meaning of past perfect

i had done something

what are all the DOPs posible

me, te, lo/la, nos, os, los/las

when can you attach the DOP to the end of a verb

at the end of an infinitive, a positive command, and after an ando/iendo

what are all the IOPs

me, te, le, nos, os, les

if you have an DOP and IOP, which goes first

IOP, then DOP

how to use IOP as possesive pronouns

with parts of the body or personal articles of clothing;

ex: te lavo las manos

DOP or IOP: to tell us for whose benefit or disadvantage

indirect object pronoun (IOP).

DOP or IOP: used for impersonal expressions

IOP; me es dificíl caminar cuando nieva.

where do you put the DOP with a past participle

before the conjugated haber

the IOP in front of words like gustar is talking about who

the person who is doing the thing (doing the liking or something like that)

the words like gustar should be conjugated to agree with 

the subject of the sentence (what is the thing you like)

do you usually use DOPs with words like gustar

usually no

word like gustar: agradarle a uno

to like something, to find something pleasing

word like gustar: caerle bien/mal a uno

to like/dislike (usually a person)

word like gustar: convenirle a uno

to suit some, be good for someone

word like gustar: desagradarle a uno

to disklike something, to find something unpleasant

word like gustar: disgustarle a uno

to dislike something, find something unpleasant

word like gustar: encantarle a uno

to love something

word like gustar: entusiasmarle a uno

to be excited about something

word like gustar: faltarle a uno

to be missing something, not to have something

word like gustar: fascinarle a uno

to be fascinated by something; to like something