2. Atmospheres CS

How much has temp increased in the last 150yrs?

1C

Temperature range of yearly average temperatures over last 1 million years

25C

Temperature difference for same latitude

London(UK) and Astana(Kazakhstan)

Both 51N

London 14C temperature range

Astana 44C temperature range

Yakutsk temperature range

Summer: 20C

Winter: -38C

Range = 58C

High latitude, continentality

How a volcanic eruption affected climate

Mt Pinatubo, Philippines, 1991

Temporary cooling of 0.5C for a couple years

Lake Toba supereruption 74,000 years ago was major contributing factor to ice age

Name of current going up Africa and South America

Africa: Benguela

South America: Humboldt

Ozone repaied protocol

Montreal Protocol in 1987 outlawed use of ozone depleting chemicals - CFCs

Example for each 30 weather pattern.

0N - low pressure - Singapore - rainfall 11am showers

30N - high pressure - Sahara dessert

60N - low pressure - UK

90N - high pressure - Artic

Orographic uplift example

Moist pacific air hits Andes

Heavy rainfall in West Chile - Valvidian rainforest

Atacama desert in rainshadow

GWP of CO2, methane

CO2 = 1

Methane = 28

Model for anthropogenic spike in temp

Hockey stick model

Climate change agreement - temp rise goal, countries signed

2016 Paris agreement

keep global rise in temp below 2C

signed by 194 countries

Not Iran, Trump USA

Agriculture

15% of global anthropogenic GHG emissions

1kg of beef = 60kg GHG emissions

Energy vs industry vs waste

75% vs 6% vs 4% GHG emissions