Anatomy 3 Discussion Quiz

The Brain Weight?

3lbs

What does the Brain consume?

consumes almost 20% of body oxygen & glucose (very high metabolic rate due)

What does the Brain require?

constant delivery of blood (interruptions causes: dizziness, disorientation, and eventually unconsciousness)

Sensory

information about the body's condition & surroundings

Autonmatic (subconscious)

body temperature, heart rate, & blood pressure

Somatic (conscious)

touch, sight, sound

Primary Motor Cortex

signals to the skeletal muscles to produce all voluntary movements

Cerebellum

balance, posture, motor coordination

Basal ganglia

set of structures involved in processing information for motor movements (prevents undesired extraneous motions)

Dorsal Root

afferent (inward), towards the CNS, processes sensory info

Ventral Root

Efferent (outward), away the CNS, processes motor info

When the body processes sensory information, the signal travels_________ through the _________ of the spinal cord

Towards the CNS; Dorsal

Associations Areas

-Process & analyze sensory information

-Develops plans of actions sent to the brains motor regions to produce a change in the body through muscles or glands

-Create our thoughts, plans, & personality

Broca's Area

speech production (turning thoughts into spoken words)

Wernicke's Area

language comprehension (ability to understand written or spoken language)

Learning & Memory Order

1. Encoding, 2.Storage, 3.Retrieval

Encoding

converting information into a form usable in memory

Storage

retaining information in memory

Retrieval

the active process of locating & using stored information

Short-Term Memory (STM)

-tracks tasks in which the brain is currently engaged

If not rehearsed, info stays in short-term memory for about ________

20 Seconds

Capacity of STM is

7 +/- 2 items (5-9 items)

Long-term memory

Memory in which information is represented on a permanent or near permanent basis

Where is LTM stored?

The hippocampus (transfers information from short-term memory to memory-storage regions of the brain (particularly temporal lobe)

Procedural Memory

Memory for motor skills (texting, riding a bike, tying shoes)

Where is procedural memory stored?

by the cerebellum and basal ganglia.

Hypothalamus

controls the homeostasis of body temperature, blood pressure, sleep, thirst & hunger

medulla oblongata

heart rate, breathing, blood pressure

Sleep

-state of altered consciousness (this is very different than unconsciousness, brain is still active)

-Hypothalamus maintains the body's 24 hour(circadian) biological clock

The sleep cycle

is important to health just like nutrition and exercise

What are the two types of Sleep?

NREM and REM

Deep" sleep is

restorative

NREM

light sleep (drowsy), deep sleep (restorative)

REM

Having Dreams

Reflexes

A fast, involuntary reaction to internal or external stimuli

reflexes in the body are integrated in the brain

Pupillary light reflex \

Coughing

Sneezing

Bypasses

control centers of the cerebral cortex and integration happens in lower brain regions (e.g., midbrain or limbic system).