NET 2023 All Questions (Paper 2)

Who is considered the founder of experimental psychology?
Wilhelm Wundt
William James
Sigmund Freud
John Watson

Wilhelm Wundt

Which among the following psychologists is associated with the concept of ‘trial and error’ learning?
E.L. Thorndike
J.B. Watson
Ivan Pavlov
Skinner

E.L. Thorndike

The theory of classical conditioning was developed by
Pavlov
Watson
Skinner
Thorndike

Pavlov

Which school of thought emphasizes the importance of the whole in perception?
Structuralism
Behaviorism
Gestalt psychology
Functionalism

Gestalt psychology

Operant conditioning is associated with
Skinner
Pavlov
Thorndike
Watson

Skinner

The concept of insight learning was proposed by
Köhler
Pavlov
Watson
Skinner

Köhler

Which of the following psychologists emphasized the role of reinforcement in learning?
Skinner
Freud
Maslow
Rogers

Skinner

Who proposed the hierarchy of needs?
Maslow
Freud
Erikson
Skinner

Maslow

The ego operates on the
Reality principle
Pleasure principle
Moral principle
Instinct

Reality principle

Which of the following is not a defence mechanism?
Introspection
Denial
Projection
Repression

Introspection

Which part of the personality mediates between Id and Superego?
Ego
Id
Superego
Unconscious

Ego

Gestalt psychology originated in which country?
Germany
USA
France
Russia

Germany

‘Tabula Rasa’ concept is associated with
John Locke
Descartes
Freud
Watson

John Locke

Which school of psychology used introspection as a method?
Structuralism
Functionalism
Gestalt
Behaviorism

Structuralism

Which of the following psychologists used puzzle box for experiments?
Thorndike
Skinner
Pavlov
Tolman

Thorndike

“Little Albert” experiment was conducted by
Watson
Freud
Skinner
Maslow

Watson

Which of the following is a humanistic psychologist?
Rogers
Skinner
Pavlov
Wundt

Rogers

Which theorist proposed the concept of ‘self-actualization’?
Maslow
Rogers
Freud
Adler

Maslow

Who introduced the concept of ‘archetypes’?
Carl Jung
Freud
Skinner
Rogers

Carl Jung

The “collective unconscious” was proposed by
Jung
Freud
Adler
Maslow

Jung

In Bandura’s theory

learning occurs through
Observation
Reinforcement
Punishment
Habituation

The concept of vicarious reinforcement is associated with
Bandura
Skinner
Pavlov
Freud

Bandura

Which of the following is an operant behavior?
Pressing a lever for food
Salivation to bell
Withdrawal from pain
Reflex blinking

Pressing a lever for food

Who coined the term “stream of consciousness”?
William James
Wundt
Titchener
Köhler

William James

Which of the following is not a feature of humanistic psychology?
Free will
Determinism
Self-actualization
Personal growth

Determinism

Which theorist emphasized unconditional positive regard?
Carl Rogers
Freud
Skinner
Jung

Carl Rogers

Which concept is most closely associated with Freud?
Oedipus complex
Latent learning
Shaping
Self-efficacy

Oedipus complex

Which of the following is true of classical conditioning?
It involves associating two stimuli
It uses reinforcement
It emphasizes cognition
It relies on punishment

It involves associating two stimuli

Who used dogs in their experiments on conditioning?
Pavlov
Skinner
Watson
Freud

Pavlov

The idea of “cognitive map” was proposed by
Tolman
Köhler
Skinner
Watson

Tolman

Skinner box was used to study
Operant conditioning
Classical conditioning
Latent learning
Insight

Operant conditioning

Who gave the concept of “life space”?
Lewin
Freud
Maslow
Jung

Lewin

Which of the following emphasized purposive behaviorism?
Tolman
Watson
Skinner
Hull

Tolman

Functionalism was influenced most by
Darwin’s theory of evolution
Freud’s psychoanalysis
Pavlov’s learning theory
Locke’s empiricism

Darwin’s theory of evolution

In Freud’s theory

moral standards are part of
Superego
Ego
Id
Unconscious

Which of the following schools is most concerned with consciousness?
Structuralism
Behaviorism
Gestalt
Psychoanalysis

Structuralism

Cognitive psychology primarily focuses on
Mental processes
Unconscious motives
Observable behavior
Emotions

Mental processes

Which theorist focused on moral development?
Kohlberg
Erikson
Freud
Bandura

Kohlberg

Who proposed the eight stages of psychosocial development?
Erikson
Freud
Piaget
Jung

Erikson

Piaget is known for his work in
Cognitive development
Moral development
Learning theory
Psychoanalysis

Cognitive development

Freud used which method for uncovering the unconscious?
Free association
Observation
Experiments
Conditioning

Free association

Tolman demonstrated cognitive maps using
Rats in a maze
Dogs in a cage
Monkeys with boxes
Children with blocks

Rats in a maze

Behaviorism believes psychology should study
Observable behavior
Thought processes
Dreams
Feelings

Observable behavior

The person-centered approach was developed by
Carl Rogers
Maslow
Freud
Watson

Carl Rogers

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response?
Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
Central nervous system
Somatic nervous system

Sympathetic nervous system

Which of the following neurotransmitters is associated with mood regulation?
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
GABA

Serotonin

Damage to Broca’s area affects
Speech production
Visual processing
Motor coordination
Emotional regulation

Speech production

Which lobe of the brain is responsible for processing visual information?
Occipital lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
Frontal lobe

Occipital lobe

The endocrine gland known as the master gland is the
Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
Adrenal gland
Pineal gland

Pituitary gland

Which of the following is a schedule of reinforcement?
Variable ratio
Stimulus generalization
Discrimination
Shaping

Variable ratio

What kind of reinforcement schedule leads to the highest rate of responding?
Variable ratio
Fixed ratio
Fixed interval
Continuous reinforcement

Variable ratio

Which part of the brain is involved in forming new memories?
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Thalamus
Cerebellum

Hippocampus

Which theory proposes that emotion is the result of arousal followed by interpretation?
Schachter-Singer theory
James-Lange theory
Cannon-Bard theory
Opponent-process theory

Schachter-Singer theory

Which is NOT one of the Big Five personality traits?
Humility
Openness
Conscientiousness
Neuroticism

Humility

According to Erikson

the conflict in adolescence is
Identity vs Role confusion
Intimacy vs Isolation
Trust vs Mistrust
Autonomy vs Shame

A test that yields consistent results is said to be
Reliable
Valid
Standardized
Normed

Reliable

Which intelligence theory proposed multiple intelligences?
Howard Gardner
Spearman
Thurstone
Cattell

Howard Gardner

The concept of fluid and crystallized intelligence was proposed by
Raymond Cattell
Spearman
Sternberg
Guilford

Raymond Cattell

Which of the following is NOT a projective test?
MMPI
TAT
Rorschach Inkblot
Sentence Completion Test

MMPI

Which is a technique used in systematic desensitization?
Relaxation training
Free association
Negative reinforcement
Dream analysis

Relaxation training

Who developed the concept of learned helplessness?
Seligman
Skinner
Bandura
Freud

Seligman

What is the term for strengthening of synaptic connections through experience?
Long-term potentiation
Habituation
Extinction
Conditioned inhibition

Long-term potentiation

Which brain imaging technique measures blood flow and activity?
fMRI
EEG
CT Scan
X-ray

fMRI

Which stage of sleep is associated with dreaming?
REM sleep
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 4

REM sleep

Which is a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
Hallucinations
Flat affect
Social withdrawal
Lack of motivation

Hallucinations

Which disorder is characterized by alternating periods of depression and mania?
Bipolar disorder
Major depressive disorder
Schizophrenia
Panic disorder

Bipolar disorder

Which personality disorder involves a disregard for the rights of others?
Antisocial personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder

Antisocial personality disorder

Which therapy focuses on changing distorted thoughts?
Cognitive therapy
Humanistic therapy
Psychoanalysis
Behavior therapy

Cognitive therapy

Which is a negative reinforcement example?
Removing loud noise after task completion
Giving candy for homework
Adding a fine for lateness
Assigning extra chores

Removing loud noise after task completion

The MMPI is designed to measure
Personality traits
Intelligence
Creativity
Achievement

Personality traits

Which psychologist developed Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy?
Albert Ellis
Aaron Beck
Carl Rogers
Fritz Perls

Albert Ellis

Which learning is based on stimulus-response associations?
Classical conditioning
Latent learning
Observational learning
Insight learning

Classical conditioning

Which memory system has the shortest duration?
Sensory memory
Short-term memory
Working memory
Long-term memory

Sensory memory

Retroactive interference refers to
New learning interfering with old memories
Old memories interfering with new learning
Forgetting due to trauma
Blocking of recall

New learning interfering with old memories

Which concept involves organizing information into familiar units?
Chunking
Priming
Encoding
Retrieval

Chunking

The tendency to recall first items in a list is called
Primacy effect
Recency effect
Interference
Spacing effect

Primacy effect

Which is an example of intrinsic motivation?
Reading out of curiosity
Reading to earn a reward
Studying to avoid scolding
Working to get promotion

Reading out of curiosity

What kind of test measures potential?
Aptitude test
Achievement test
Projective test
Personality test

Aptitude test

Which stage of moral development involves obeying rules to avoid punishment?
Preconventional
Conventional
Postconventional
Universal ethics stage

Preconventional

Which psychologist is known for the Bobo doll experiment?
Albert Bandura
Skinner
Freud
Thorndike

Albert Bandura

In classical conditioning

the response to a CS after extinction is called
Spontaneous recovery
Discrimination
Generalization
Counterconditioning

Which of the following is not a fixed-ratio schedule?
Reward after every variable number of responses
Reward after every 10th response
Reward after fixed number of responses
Reward consistently per set number

Reward after every variable number of responses

Which type of intelligence refers to street-smart skills?
Practical intelligence
Analytical intelligence
Creative intelligence
Fluid intelligence

Practical intelligence

Which psychologist proposed triarchic theory of intelligence?
Robert Sternberg
Howard Gardner
Spearman
Cattell

Robert Sternberg

Which is an effect of groupthink?
Suppression of dissenting views
Enhanced creativity
Accurate decision-making
Higher task performance

Suppression of dissenting views

Which part of the brain controls heartbeat and breathing?
Medulla
Cerebellum
Hypothalamus
Amygdala

Medulla

Damage to which brain area causes amnesia?
Hippocampus
Cerebellum
Thalamus
Occipital lobe

Hippocampus

Which is NOT a type of long-term memory?
Immediate memory
Procedural memory
Declarative memory
Episodic memory

Immediate memory