Savvas I9 Vocab

The substances present before a chemical reaction

Reactants

The substances present after a reaction

Product

A chemical equation that does not indicate the relative amounts of the reactants and products

Skeleton Equation

A fundamental law of nature that states that matter is conserved, which means that during any chemical reaction, the mass of the products is always equal to the mass of the reactants

Law of conservation of mass

Numbers in front of terms that are used to balance the equation so that it obeys the law of conservation of mass

Coefficients

The energy stored in the chemical bonds of a substance

Chemical Potential Energy

In any chemical reaction, energy is neither created nor destroyed

The law of conservation of energy

Relations that release net energy to the surroundings

Exothermic

Reactions that absorb energy from the surroundings

Endothermic

Bonds are broken when molecules collide with enough energy

Collision theory

The speed at which reactants become products

Reaction rates

A chemical chagrin which two or more substances react to form a single new substance

Combination reaction

A chemical change in which a single compound breaks down into two or more products

Decomposition reaction

a chemical change in which one element replaces a second element in a compound

Single-replacement reaction

Lists the relative reactivities of elements within groups, such as metals and halogens

Activity Series

A chemical change involving an exchange of positive ions between two compounds

Double-replacement reaction

A chemical change in which an element or a compound reacts with oxygen, often producing energy in the form of heat and light

Combustion reaction

A compound composed of hydrogen and carbon

Hydrocarbon

Shows dissolved ionic compounds as dissociated free ions

Complete ionic equation

An ion that appears on both sides of an equation and is not directly involved in the reaction

Spectator ion

An equation for a reaction in solution that shows only those particles that are directly involved in the chemical change

Net ionic equation

A sphere of solvent particles that surrounds a solute

Solvation shell