va co chay len phia truoc: 26/8/2025.

Present ____ actively ____ prior experiences = the way you currently think can reshape how you remember past experiences.

configure = set something up

reconfigure = change that setup

→ change the way something is set up/organized so that it functions differently

The computer is still the same computer, but its settings have been changed. → reconfigured

Before:
100 workers → 5 departments → traditional office structure

After:
80 workers → 3 departments → hybrid structure

I went back to the house to ____ my phone. = I went back to get my phone.

The dog ____ the ball. = The dog went and brought the ball back.

When you answer a question in an exam, you ____ information from memory.

retrieve = literally mean go and get something back.

get smt back, especially something that was stored, lost, or not currently available.

smt is put away → you get it back when needed.

retrieve information from memory = bring stored information back into conscious awareness

contextual contingencies = contextual conditions that influence smt.

the notion of a fixed identity becomes theoretically ____.

untenable = impossible to reasonably defend or maintain because the evidence/logic doesn't support it.

Example:

“I'm not good at speaking English.” ↓

You speak English → make some mistakes ↓

You use those mistakes to update your view of yourself ↓

“I'm actually improving, but I'm still not very confident.” ↓

New experiences → update your self-image again

self-modeling = the way you form an idea or picture of yourself in your mind.

recursive → a process that repeats by using its own previous result as input.

Recursive self-modeling: You form an idea of yourself → that idea affects how you interpret new experiences → those experiences change your idea of yourself → the updated idea affects future interpretations → repeat.

Present ____ actively ____ prior experiences → The way you currently think can reshape how you remember past experiences.

For example, imagine you failed an exam two years ago. At the time: “I'm terrible at this subject.” Two years later, after becoming much better at it: “That failure actually taught me how to study properly.”

• cognitive = related to thinking, understanding, and perception

• frameworks = mental structures or ways of organizing information

present cognitive frameworks = your current way of understanding and interpreting things

super random cuber condom

1. the degredation of natural habitats and the loss species diversity are both ecologically and socioeconomically ____. → has important / serious effects on society, economy and ecosystem.

2. The ___ of mental health issues can prevent people from getting proper support. / the ____ of biodiversity's economic value

3. 
   

4. put + object + adjective/adverbial complement can mean cause something to be in a particular state.

5. 
   

6. Somewhere between hoarding and this kind of ruthless clearing lies a discipline few (59)______ to master.

yield = produce, provide.

interpretive schemas → how you interpret experiences ~ interpretative framworks.
reconstruct = keep the existing thing, but reshape/rebuild it: Her identity → old parts + new experiences → reshaped identity

1. significant → important or having a serious impact.

2. underrecognition = = not giving something as much recognition or attention as it deserves.

3. olfactory = khứu giác: Rarely do scientists fails to note the complexity of moths’ olfactory systems, which enables them to detect pheromones OVER considerable distances.

4. having contributed → the contributing happened before or is viewed as preceding the main situation.

5. put the door shut = close the door
   put the window open = open the window
   put the lid back on = return the lid to its closed position

6. manage.

7. hoard → keep too much because you don't want to throw things away.: She has a hoard of old clothes in her room.

8. Polyphenol→ flavonoid.

Many students find themselves ____ when faced with a completely unfamiliar problem. → They don't know what to do.

find oneself at a loss = to not know what to do, say, or think because you are confused, uncertain, or unable to solve a situation.

“at a loss” = unsure what to do

The payment was ____ against his account. = The payment was recorded on his account.

My room is a kind of a ledger in which each item has been ___ against some prior versions of myself. ≈ each object records smt about a previous version of who you were.

enter smt against smt = record smt in relation to a ptc account/category/person.

ledger = a master book / digital file → record financial transactions (organizations)

Usually used with positive emotions or qualities: ____ joy / happiness / admiration.

She felt ____ joy when she finally received the good news.

Should the process nonetheless succeed, and the room stand empty at last, the relief that follows is rarely (57) ___.

alloy = a mixture of metals

→ alloyed = mixed → unalloyed = unmixed = pure

They treat the place neither as sacred nor as ____.

profane /prəˈfeɪn/ = trần tục, phàm tục, không thiêng liêng. (antithetical to sacred)

Hoard = to collect and keep a large amount of things, often unnecessarily, instead of getting rid of them.

→ keeping too much because you don't want to throw things away.

In subsistence-oriented systems, edible fungi such as shiitake and lion’s mane constitute a nutritionally significant resource, not least because of their capacity to synthesise vitamin D when exposed to sunlight.

This consideration becomes particularly salient for individuals adhering to plant-based diets, for whom endogenous or fortified sources may be insufficient during periods of limited sunlight exposure.

Trong các hệ thống hướng đến mục tiêu tự cung tự cấp, những loại nấm ăn được như nấm hương (shiitake) và nấm đầu khỉ (lion’s mane) là một nguồn thực phẩm có giá trị dinh dưỡng đáng kể, đặc biệt bởi chúng có khả năng tổng hợp vitamin D khi được tiếp xúc với ánh sáng mặt trời.

Điều này đặc biệt đáng lưu ý đối với những người theo chế độ ăn thuần thực vật, bởi đối với họ, các nguồn vitamin D do cơ thể tự tạo ra hoặc các nguồn thực phẩm được bổ sung vitamin D có thể không đủ trong những giai đoạn ít tiếp xúc với ánh sáng mặt trời.

Khác với các loại cây trồng hằng năm cho thu hoạch nhanh, những hệ thống này đòi hỏi một giai đoạn ủ/phát triển kéo dài, thường khoảng 6–18 tháng trước khi bắt đầu cho quả thể (nấm).

Tuy nhiên, sau khi giai đoạn này kết thúc, một khúc gỗ cứng, tùy thuộc vào đường kính của nó (thường khoảng 10–20 cm), có thể tiếp tục cho nấm thu hoạch từng đợt trong khoảng 4–10 năm.

Unlike fast-yielding annual crops, such systems demand a prolonged incubation period, typically ranging from approximately 6–18 months before initial fruiting occurs. 

Once this phase has elapsed, however, a single hardwood log, depending on its diameter (often between 10 and 20 cm), may continue to yield mushrooms intermittently for 4 to 10 years.

Để tối đa hóa khả năng nấm phát triển và chiếm lĩnh thành công giá thể, điều bắt buộc là các khúc gỗ phải được thu gom và cấy giống trong một khoảng thời gian rất ngắn, lý tưởng nhất là không quá 2–4 tuần sau khi cây bị đốn.

Hạn chế này xuất phát từ thực tế rằng, khi cơ chế phòng vệ tự nhiên của cây suy yếu sau khi bị thu hoạch/đốn hạ, các loài nấm hoang dã cơ hội có thể xâm chiếm giá thể và cạnh tranh, lấn át loài nấm được đưa vào.

Hơn nữa, ngay cả sau khi cấy giống, các điều kiện môi trường vẫn phải được kiểm soát cẩn thận, vì độ ẩm không đủ có thể cản trở đáng kể sự phát triển của hệ sợi nấm, đồng thời làm chậm hoặc thậm chí ngăn chặn hoàn toàn quá trình hình thành quả thể.

To maximise the probability of successful colonisation, it is imperative that logs be sourced and inoculated within a narrow window, ideally no more than 2–4 weeks after felling.

This constraint arises from the fact that, as the tree’s natural defence mechanisms deteriorate post-harvest, opportunistic wild fungi may colonise the substrate and outcompete the introduced species.

Even after inoculation, moreover, environmental conditions must be carefully regulated, as insufficient moisture levels can significantly impede mycelial expansion and delay or prevent fruiting altogether.

not rlly random but i hate myself

The stigma currently attached to the "mommy vlogger" may intensify, rendering the public display of family life as socially gauche rather than aspirational.

epistemic

epistemic authority = the power to decide what counts as knowledge or truth

epistemic uncertainty → uncertainty about what is true

epistemic conflict → disagreement over what should be accepted as true

knowledge is not simply debated but weaponized, curated, erased, and re-inscribed under political urgency.

debated → people argue about what is true

weaponized → information is used as a tool to attack or control people

curated → certain information is carefully selected and promoted, while other information is left out

erased → certain facts, memories, or stories are deliberately removed or suppressed

re-inscribed → old events are rewritten or given a new meaning in official records, narratives, or public memory

under political urgency → because of immediate political goals or pressure

The school ___ regular teacher evaluations. → Regular evaluations became a standard part of the school's system.

The government ____ a particular version of history. → The government made that version official and established through institutions, such as schools, museums, or public records.

In ensueing post-conflict period, Viet Nam, like many other countries, ____ narratives that foritify patriotism, emphasize the heroin antics of Vietnamese soldiers while relagating inevitable wrongdoings to the margins.

institutionalize = make smt official, established, and part of a system

What is thereby _____ is not merely alternative content, but alternative modes of intelligibility altogether (=completely different ways of understanding things).

Yeah, missing that opportunity would likely ____ the possibility of attaining a highly-paid job and establishing a happy family.

I know choosing to pursue this pathway would ____ the option of enhacing my STEM-related knowledge.

foreclose ≈ prevent / rule out / make impossible.

foreclose an option/possibility → make an option or possibility unavailable

The speaker used simple language to improve ____. → They used simple language to make themselves easier to understand.

alternative modes of ____ = different ways in which something can be understood

intelligibility = understandability

_____ of institutional recognition → the limits of the language and concepts that institutions can use to recognize something as valid knowledge

The film deliberately challenges the _____ of visual storytelling. → It experiments with forms of visual communication that viewers aren't normally used to.

semiotic thresholds. = limits of what can be understood or expressed

• A: “I want to study Finance, so I choose University X.” → strong what ?

• B: “I want University X, but it's too expensive, so I choose University Y.” → some what ?

• C: “My parents force me to attend University Z, and I have absolutely no say.” → none.

Children should have some ____ over their education, friendships and aspirations. → Children should have some control over their choices regarding these things.

agency = ability to choose and act for yourself

• freedom → being free from restrictions

• agency → having the capacity to make choices and act, even when your choices are limited.

You have agency if you choose which university to attend.

Even if your family, money, grades, and location limit your options, you still have some agency.

____ education → education not based on religious teachings

Within _____ epistemologies, too, one encounters a persistent oscillation between closure and openness, between the assertion of divine certainty and the acknowledgment of interpretive plurality. (certain truths are absolutely certain because they come from God >< religious ideas can have multiple interpretations.)

secular = non-religious

theological = related to religion/God

If our epistemic environments partly constitute who we are, then deliberately distorting them raises questions of autonomy and moral responsibility.

If the information and knowledge environments around us partly shape who we become, then deliberately manipulating those environments creates questions about whether people are truly free to choose their beliefs and whether they should be held responsible for those beliefs.

gồm những người có tín ngưỡng khác nhau
____ household

a group of people with the same religious beliefs

rửa tội

​not showing any knowledge of history or of what has happened before

(chính trị) bè phái; bè cánh

interfaith

communion

baptize

ahistorical

faction

random

in-house childcare facilities → a dedicated childcare center located directly at an employer's workplace or institution to care for employees' children during work hours.