AP GOV UNIT 4

Equality of Outcome

everybody ends the same way

Equality of Opportunity

everybody starts the same

Free enterprise

A capitalistic economy in which competition is allowed to flourish with a minimum of government interference

Rule of law

No one is above the law

Both regular citizens and political leaders are subject to the same laws

Equal treatment for everyone

Limited government

The gov only holds the powers that the people grant them

Social contract restricts power

Political Attitude

The opinions and values individuals hold about political issues, events, and personalities

Political socialization

The process by which someone forms their political attitudes and beliefs

Opinion polls

Measuring the opinion of respondents on various issues, perhaps over the approval of a person or event

Benchmark polls

Conducted at the beginning of a campaign in order to determine the baseline of voters perception of a person

Tracking polls

shorter/smaller poll conducted at key times throughout a period of time to track how an audience feels about something over time

Entrance and exit polls

Polls taken immediately as someone exits or enters a polling station (cast a vote)

push polls

Polls that push the respondent towards a certain answer with leading questions

Sampling technique

The process by which pollsters select respondents to a survey or the sample population for a poll

Random sample

A random selection from a population, random sampling techniques ensures an equal probability of individuals being selected for a survey or poll

Representative sample

A relatively small number of respondents who accurately reflect the variety of opinions, demographics, etc in the broader population

Reliable poll

Random, large pop, no leading questions

Mass survey

Interviewing a large sample of the population

Common

focus group

Small, demographically diverse group of people assembled for an in depth group discussion

margin of error

The size of error you might have in your poll

Anything with a larger percent than 4 is not trustable

coalition

A combination of groups of people who work together to achieve a political goal

Libertarian party

Little to no gov regulation except to protect private property and individual liberty

Green party

Focus on environmental protections and the global warming crisis

Nonviolence social justice

supply side economics

Utilizing reduced tax rates and decreasing regulation in industry to increase the ability of businesses to increase supply (free trade)

Goal : trickle down method (starts in the corporations and works its way down)

REP

Dependent on the rich increasing jobs and wages

Keynesian

Promoting gov spending on infrastructure, unemployment, and education

Goal: putting money in the hands of the people to increase consumer demand and the the flow of money

DEM

Monetary policies

Actions of central banks to achieve macroeconomic policy objectives such as price stability, full employment, and stable economic growth

Under control of the Fed(eral reserve)

Fiscal policy

Governments decisions about taxation and spending

The Federal Reserve

"The Fed"

Monitors financial risks and engages citizens at home and countries abroad to ensure a healthy economy

Buying and selling bonds

Setting the reserve requirement

Fights inflation and deflation

Inflation

A general increase in prices and a fall in the purchasing power of money

Gross pay

income before taxes

Net pay

income after taxes

Qualities of a reliable poll

Random Sample

Large Population Size

Neutral and Unbiased

ID of respondents for polls

A poll needs to identify the subject or respondent population and specify the criteria for subject or respondent selection.

sampling error

The results from a sample won't exactly represent a population

Liberal Ideals

-more govt. regulation of trade

-less govt. in greater areas of private life

-more involvement in healthcare

Conservative Ideals

-less govt. regulation of trade

-religion/education=untouched

-more regulation with private matters —> abortion

-less govt. involvement with socioeconomic equality