Middle Egyptian - Hieroglyphics

Fall 2024

1.1 iw

(Particle) used at the beginning of a complete factual statement ("indicative main clause")

• used only when the clause has a verbal
  or adverbial predicate

1.1 im

(Adv.) Here; there, therein, therefrom, thereby

• Accented form of the simple preposition m "in"

1.1 bw

(Noun, masc.) Place; also used with adjectives as an abstract prefix, equivalent to the English suffix "-ness"

• For example, when used with an adjective wr "great," bw-wr means "greatness"

1.1 pn

(Demonstrative adj., masculine) This, that

1.1 m

(Prep.) In, (from) within, by means of

1.1 n

(Prep.) To, for, because of

1.1 r

(Prep.) Towards (directionally); regarding,
concerning, compared to, more than or beyond

1.1 R^c

(Divine name) Ra, the Sun God

1.1 rn

(Noun, masc.) Name

1.1 ḥn^c

(Prep.) Together with, along with

1.1 ḫt

(Noun, fem.) Thing

1.2 pr

(Noun, masc.) House, household, estate

1.2 s

(Noun, masc.) Man, human being

1.2 sdm

(Verb tr. and intr.) To hear

(With the preposition n) Listen to, obey

1.2 ky

(Noun, masc.) Another one, another thing

• Precedes another noun, with which it is in apposition (ky pr = "another one, a house" = "another house")

1.2 kt

(Noun, fem.) Another one, another thing

• Used like ky except that
  it precedes grammatically feminine nouns

1.2 tn

(Demonstrative, feminine) This, that

• Follows feminine
  nouns (used like pn)

1.2 dd

(Verb, biliteral) To speak, to say, to mention

2.1 3ḫt

(n.f.) Horizon

• Comes from root 3ḫ meaning "be
  effective, energetic”

• Literally, the place where the sun gets recharged

2.1 ⁾Imn

(n.divine) Amun

• God of Thebes, the state god of
  the Egyptian New Kingdom and later

2.1 itrw

(n.m.) River; the Nile

2.1 pt

(n.f.) Heaven, sky

2.1 mw

(n.m.) Water, liquid

2.1 Mntw

(n.divine) Montu

• A god of Thebes, associated with
  war

2.1 mk

(introductory particle) Behold, voila!

• Used to introduce a main clause with verbal or adverbial predicate in place of iw

2.1 niwt

(n.f.) Town, city

• Also used informally for the city
  of Thebes (modern Luxor) specifically

2.1 nb

(n.m.) Lord, possessor

2.1 r^c

(n.m.) The sun, a day

2.1 rwi

(v., third-weak) Depart, go away, escape

2.2 hrw

(n.m.) Day, daytime

2.2 ḥr

(prep) On, upon, over; because (i.e., "on account of"), as well as

• Also used frequently with infinitives in a present-continuative construction

2.2 hrd

(n.m.) Child

2.2 st

(n.f.) Woman

2.2 s3

(n.m.) Son

2.2 s3t

(n.f.) Daughter

2.3 sḫr

(n.m.) Plan, idea, suggestion, advice

2.3 sš

(n.m.) Writing (as an activity or practice); a written document

(v., 2-lit) To write

2.3 sš

(n.m.) A scribe, one who writes

2.3 wbn

(v. 3-lit) To shine, to rise

2.4 t3

(n.m.) Land

• Particularly flat, alluvial land

2.4 dpt

(n.f.) Boat

3.1 3tp or 3tp

(v., 3-lit.) To load, to burden

3.1 imy

(adj.) "within"

(Noun) The thing or person within

(Nisba adjective) derived from the preposition m "in"

3.1 imy-r

(n.m.) Overseer, supervisor

3.1 iri

(v., 3-weak) To do, to make, to act, to carry out (a project)

Equivalent of "to be," as in to "do" an age or position

3.1 it

(n.m.) Father

3.1 ^c or ^cwy for dual

(n.m.) Arm, hand

3.1 ^c3

(n.m.) Donkey

3.1 w^cb

(n.m.) A priest

3.1 w^cb

(v., 3-lit) To wash, purify

3.1 wpi

(v., 3-weak) To open

3.1 b3k/b3kt

(n.m./f.) Male or female servant

3.1 bin

(adj) Bad, wretched

3.1 m33

(v. 2-gem) To see, look at

3.1 mwt

(n.f.) Mother

3.2 ršwt

(n.f.) Joy

3.2 nfr

(adj) Beautiful, good, perfect

3.2 d3i

(v. 3-weak) To ferry (s'one), to cross (a body of water)

3.2 h3b

(v. 3-lit) To send, dispatch

• Often used without
  expressed object in the sense of "to send a message”

3.2 r or r3

(n.m.) Mouth; bodily orifice; door or other opening

3.2 k3t

(n.f.) Construction project

3.3 ^c3

(adj.) Large, great

3.3 t3t(y)

(n.m.) Vizier, prime minister

• The pharaoh’s top
  executive official

3.3 nds

(adj.) "Small, insignificant, unimportant’

(noun) commoner

3.3 ḥr

(n.m.) Face

• Note: usually written identically to
  preposition "upon."

3.4 wi3

(n.m.) Sacred bark

3.4 rd or rdwy for dual

(n.m.) Leg, foot

4.1 š

(n.m.) Pool, basin

4.1 nb

(adj) All, every (Can be used with a definite antecedent to mean)

• Can also be used indefinitely, to mean "any”

4.1 bnr or bnri

(adj.) Sweet, pleasant

4.1 dpt

(n.f.) Taste (of food)

• Metaphorically, experience

4.1 bit

(n.f.) Honey

4.1 nḥm

(v., 3-lit) Save, rescue; take, rob

4.1 ḥm or ḥm.f

(n.m.) Majesty, his Majesty

4.1 in

(prep.) By, through (expresses agency after the passive voice)

• A similar or identical word also introduces questions for corroboration - "yes or no" questions

4.1 pḥty

(n.m.) Strength, power

4.1 ib

(n.m.) Heart

4.1 (r)di

(v. anomalous) To give, place, put

• Used intransitively, to "indicate, give (a result; said of a scale)"

• Very common in causative constructions, with a following sDm.f verb, in the sense "to cause that one do something”

4.2 t

(n.m.) Bread

4.2 gmi

(v., 3-weak) To find, to learn or discover, to recognize

• Often with m of predication, "recognize as”

4.2 w3t

(n.f.) Road, path, way

4.2 ḥm or ḥmt

(n.m. or f.) Servant

4.2 ntr or ntrt

(n.m. or f.) God, goddess

4.2 ḥm-ntr

(n.m.) god's servant, priest

4.3 ḫm

(v. 2-lit) To not know, be ignorant

4.3 dw

(n.m.) Evil, misfortune

• Determinative is the
  "nds" or "bad" bird

4.3 iqr

(adj) Excellent, clever

4.3 ^cš3

(adj) Numerous, rich.

• Plural strokes here are a determinative that appears even when there is no plural antecedent (i.e., when the word is being used as a predicate adjective)

4.4 mi

(prep.) Like, similar to

4.4 sḫ3

(v. 3-lit) To recall, remember

4.4 nsw or nyswt

(n.m.) King

4.4 pr-nsw

(n.m) House of the King

4.4 mri

(v. 3-weak) To love, like, desire, prefer

4.4 mrwt

(n.f.) Love

5.1 hr

(prep) Under

• Often used to denote possession, since
  people in possession of something are said in Egyptian to be carrying them, therefore "under" them

5.1 hrt

(n.f. coll.) Possessions, property

5.1 r(3) - pr

(n.m.) Chapel, small temple

5.1 st

(n.f.) Place, throne, seat

5.1 iry

(adj) Thereto; proper

(n.m.) Friend, companion, i.e., the one who "pertains" to you (with seated-man determinative)

• Nisba from preposition r.

• Although this is an adjective it is normally not given a feminine ending, even after feminine nouns
  

5.1 wd

(v., biconsonantal) To command, order, decree

(n.m) A command, order, decree