Islam beliefs

Ibadah

= service/servitude - arabic, = submission to the will of Allah

What is tawhid?

oneness - the belief in one monotheistic God that cannot be compared to anything else - indivisible

What is Al Qadeer?

Omnipotence - The belief that Allah has created the universe and controls everything. Predetermined lives but people have free will

What is Al Rahman?

Beneficence - Allah loving, kind and compassionate, can do no evil, cares for people

What is Al-Rahim?

Mercy - Allah is kind and forgives people's sins, Allah shows mercy and compassion

What is Adalat?

Justice - fairness, Allah will judge people's behaviour in a fair way

Immanence?

All being close and present in the world

Transcendence?

Being separate to the world/beyond it, allows Allah to control and act in the world but not affected by it

What is the Night of Power?

The night in which the Qur'an was first revealed to Prophet Muhammed by Allah

What happens on the Night of Power?

Meditating - Angel Jibril say "Read" (Muhammed illiterate) - Muhammed becomes literate on 3rd "Read" and "Recite in the name of the Lord" the Qur'an, made Muhammed seal of the prophets

Nickname for Muhammed

'Al Amin' = The trustworthy one

Another name for the Night of Power

Laylat al Qadr

Shirk?

idolatry, unforgivable sin

E.g.s of Allah's benificience and mercifulness

Sent prophets as guides, rules within Qur'an (helps navigate Allah's wishes), Allah always forgives those who repent, existence of Jannah - eternal reward for faithful

Importance of the Night of Power

Revelation of the Qur'an - contains infallible word of faith to go to Jannah, Seal of Prophets - no need for more guidance (Qur'an has all that's needed)

Sunni reason on split

90% if Muslims, felt it should be a democratically elected leader, 4 rightly guided caliphs elected (close Fs of Muhammed)

Shi'a belief on split

Muhammed's closest living relative (Muhammed's son/son in law - Ali), 4th caliph Ali

Cause of Sunni + Shi'a split

Muhammed's final sermon - on Mount Arafat - referred to Ali as 'Mawler'. Meaning 1: friend, Meaning 2: leader

Nabi = ?

A prophet who receives divine revelation from God to deliver important messages and teachings to humanity

A prophet?

One who preaches and renews these messages without receiving one himself

Rasul?

A messenger

Risalah?

The message (from God)

Shahadah? = and reinforces

= declaration of faith, reinforces tawhid + authority of prophets, 1st 5 pillars of faith

Ismah? Shi'a + Sunni

= protection from sin, prophets have ismah: Shi'a Muslims - completely sinless, Sunni Muslims - cannot sin intentionally (believe they can make mistakes)

Khalifah?

steward/deputy/vicegreant - to fulfil God's purpose as caretakers given responsibility to look after world + everything in it

Muslim beliefs on Adam

Adam 1st man on Earth + 1st prophet of Islam, gave Adam understanding + names of all things, told angels to bow down to Adam (everyone relies on Allah for knowledge)

(Al-)Jannah?

Heaven/Paradise

Jahannam

Hell

Barzakh

stage between death and judgement

Dunya

Temporal, earthly world

Akirah

afterlife

Akirah journey 1

The dead one visited by 2 angels (Munkar and Nakir) and asked 3 question: "Who is your God?", "What is your faith?", "Who is your prophets?" - Muslims can use Shahadah

Akirah journey 2

Person put into Barzakh (place of waiting), uncomfortable for the bad

Akirah journey 3

Go to the Assirat Bridge: bad fall off into Hell, good go over to paradise

Akirah journey 4

Judgement Day - resurrection of bodies - everyone judged

Kiraman and Katibin

Record people's actions, thoughts and feelings in The Book, book > feather --> bad, right shoulder = good deeds + opp. - Salah recognises them (5x a day)

Munkar and Nakir

test the faith of the dead in their graves - asks 3 questions, described as being scary

Israfil

"The Burning One", angel of music - blows trumpet on Day of Resurrections (Al Mahd)

Maalik

Angel in Hell/Barzakh, physical place + suffering

Importance to Muslims - Maalik

Not much - don't need to worry about sinning/going to Hell

Importance to Muslims - Israfil

They know Day of R. is going to happen (revealed in Qur'an), Shi'a - 1 of 5 roots is Day of R. ^ important

Importance to Muslims Kiraman and Katibin

Big role in judgement of soul - noticing them affects day to day life - forces action in Muslims

How did the Qur'an come about?

Night of Power - first revealed to Muhammed - revealed to him over 23 years

Why is the Qur'an a valuable authority for Muslims today?

INFALLIABLE - trusted about how to behave, timeless, direct word of god, used in sermons - imam, allows Muslims to better understand nature of God without committing shirk

Why Qur'an might not be as valuable as a source of authority for Muslims today?

May be outdated - outdated in society (some will say Allah's omniscience means this'll not be the case), best read in Arabic - not all Muslims can read + hard to translate/retain meaning/interpret

What is the Hadith?

Sayings of the prophet

Why is the Hadith significant?

Gives Muslims perfect example to follow

Why is the Hadith a valuable authority for Muslims today?

Prophet Muhammed chosen by Allah - comes from him so it is valuable, from a man/human - easy to relate/follow - achievable to emulate (copy)

Why might the Hadith not be as valuable authority for Muslims today?

Just about Muhammed's life - tawhid so not as important - no one is the same level as Allah, not infallible

How the Torah/Tawrat came about?

1st of 5 books of the Old Testament, contains 10 Commandments

Why Torah is a valuable authority?

Muhammed reference it heavily, Moses received directly from God, used to find out more, written in a more accessible language, interfaith relationship

What is the Torah

Revelations given to Musa on Mount Sinai by Allah

Why Torah not valuable authority?

Put together by followers of Musa - may have changed, some is work of humans, some God - not infallible

What is the Zabur

Psalms of David: a collection of prayers and poems

Why is Zabur valuable authority?

A model for devotional worship, interfaith understanding, earlier chapter in humanity's relationship w divine justice

Why Zabur not a valuable authority?

altered of time? - original message authentic, language - originally revealed in ancient semitic lang. - multiple translations

What is the Injil?

Gospels: Good News written about Isa (Jesus) by the disciples

List the Five Roots of Usul ad-Din in Shi'a Islam

Al'Ma'ad, Tawhid, Adalat, Imamate, Nubuwwah

What is Al-Ma'ad (5 roots)

Resurrection - belief in Day of J.

What is the Day of Judgement

When humans physically resurrected to be judged - account words/actions on Earth - reward servants and punish disobedient

What is Adalat (5 roots)

belief that Allah is always right and fair, Qur'an teaches God will not burden anyone with more than they can bear

What is imamate (5 roots)

Belief in the 12 imams - all modern imams should be spiritual descendants of Prophet Muhammed, imams infallible, chosen by God

What is Nubuwwah (5 roots)

Belief in God's prophets, sent prophets proclaiming oneness of God, Muhammed = seal of the prophets, imams protect the message of the prophets

List the Six Article of Faith in Sunni Islam

Tawhid, Akirah, Risalah, Malaikah, Al-Qadr, Kutub

What is Akirah (6 articles)

Belief in the afterlife, list what happens when you die

What is Risalah (6 articles)

Belief in the authority of the prophets, Allah want to help people live a good life - sends revelations, in Qur'an, prophets connect Allah + humanity (revelations)

What is Malaikah (6 articles)

Belief in angels, Mika'il = mercy, Azra'il = death, Israfil = announces Day of J., Munkar and Nakir = questions soul of person, Kiraman + Katibin = scribes of life

What is Al-Qadr (6 articles)

Belief that everything happens as a result of Allah's will (both Sun and Shi)

What is Kutub (6 articles)

Belief in scriptures sent down from Allah: Tawrat, Zabur, Qur'an

Ibrahim + idols

Chosen by Allah to teach + guide people to worship Allah alone, people worshipping idols --> Ibrahim smashed all idols except the biggest one. Ibrahim was put into a fire but Allah made it cool and fire didn't hurt him

Ibrahim + Isma'eel

Allah sent message to sacrifice his child, he agreed (so did Isma'eel) but just as sacrifice was going to happen, boy was replaced with sheep