Unit 2: Basics of Animal Cell and Organelles

1: nucleolus

3: rough ER

6: golgi apparatus

8: smooth ER

9: mitochondria

13: centrioles

name structures 1, 3, 6, 8, 9, and 13

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms

cell → organism order

actin (provide structure), tubulin (work together w/ centrioles when cell is ready to replicate itself)

microfilaments with blank, microtubules with blank

lysosome

A: rough ER; aids ribosomes with protein synthesis

B: smooth ER; synthesize lipids and detox body from harmful chemicals

what are structures A and B? what are their functions?

cilia: in our throats because the cilia move mucus

microvilli: in our abdominal cavity because the organs in it need more surface area to function properly

Where in the human body would we find cells with microvilli, and where would we find cells with cilia?

exocrine

exocrine or endocrine: Sweat glands secrete water and salts onto the surface of the skin to release heat.

endocrine

exocrine or endocrine: The pancreatic islets release insulin into the bloodstream when blood glucose is too high.

exocrine

exocrine or endocrine: Parietal cells secret hydrochloric acid (HCl) into the stomach when food is present.

nucleolus

ribosomes

microvilli

fingerlike extensions that increase surface area

centrioles

cylindrical structures that direct chromosomes during mitosis

cilia

long, slender extensions of plasma membrane that can move independently

flagella

long, slender extensions of plasma membrane that can move independently

ribosomes

tiny particles made of RNA that build proteins

rough ER

Network of membranes covered in ribosomes; “Protein factory”

smooth ER

Membranes with no ribosomes that build lipids and carbohydrates

golgi

Flattened discs of membrane that package proteins in vesicles

vesicles

 temporary storage organelles made of a phospholipid bilayer

secretory vesicle

Contain material to be released outside the cell via exocytosis

lysosomes

Digestive enzymes that break down worn cell parts, bacteria, or viruses

perioxisomes

Smaller than lysosomes; Digest fatty acids and amino acids