THE ATP–ADP CYCLE AND ENERGY TRANSFER IN CELLS - Q2

It is known as the energy currency of the cell.

ATP

It stands for Adenosine Triphosphate.

ATP

It provides energy for cellular work such as movement, transport, and chemical reactions.

ATP

It is composed of: Adenine (base), Ribose (sugar), and three

phosphate groups.

ATP

Which of the bonds in ATP store high energy and are easy to break?

The last two phosphate bonds

In the structure of ATP, what is adenine?

A nitrogen base

In the structure of ATP, what is ribose?

A five-carbon sugar

The three phosphate groups in ATP are also known as?

triphosphate chain

Bonds between phosphate groups in ATP

are _____ bonds.

high-energy

One of its role is to mediates energy coupling in cells.

ATP

Its role is to power three main types of work:

Chemical work: building macromolecules

Transport work: moving substances across

membranes and Mechanical work: movement such as muscle.

ATP

It is also used to make RNA molecules.

ATP

Movement such as muscle contraction and cilia beating are examples of work that is being powered by ATP, what type of work is this?

Mechanical work

Moving substances across membranes are examples of work that is being powered by ATP, what type of work is this?

Transport work

Building macromolecules is powered by ATP, what type of work is this?

Chemical work

It is breaking down ATP with water

Hydrolysis

Reaction:

ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi + Energy

What is this reaction also known as?

Hydrolysis

During the hydrolysis of ATP, what bond needs to be broken in order to release energy,

The terminal phosphate bond

During the hydrolysis of ATP, energy released comes from the

__________ to a lower free

energy state, not from the bond

itself.

Chemical change

Negative phosphate groups repel each other, creating instability. When ATP is hydrolyzed, this tension is released, which of the following perfectly describes this tension being released?

Like a compressed spring.

Aside from the energy being released in order to be used in doing cellular work, what type of energy can also be released.

Heat Energy

When ATP is used, ATP is converted to what?

ADP

ADP is converted back to ATP

during __________ using

energy from food oxidation.

cellular respiration.

Reaction:

ADP + Pi + Energy → ATP

what reaction is this specifically?

The ATP–ADP recycling process

This cycle does the continuous shuffling of phosphate

and energy between ATP and ADP. This cycle is known as?

The ATP cycle

It couples energy-yielding and

energy-consuming processes.

The ATP cycle

In the ATP cycle, without regeneration, humans

would use their what in ATP

per day?

Body weight

What does ATP stands for?

Adenosine Triphosphate

What is the nitrogen base in ATP called?

Adenine

What is the five-carbon sugar in ATP called?

Ribose

What is the triphosphate chain in ATP called?

Three phosphate groups

Where does the energy released comes from in the hydrolysis of ATP?

chemical change to a lower free energy state, not from the bond itself.

Why do negative phosphate groups within ATP are unstable, causing the release of energy?

Negative phosphate groups repel each other

Where does the energy come from that we need in order to convert ADP back to ATP using cellular respiration?

From the food we eat through food oxidation.

Which reaction restores and recycles the ADP and phosphate back into ATP?

Endergonic Reaction and Phosphorylation