Ochem 257-Pennington Flashcards

How many step(s) is E1 and Sn1?

2 steps

How many step(s) E2 and Sn2?

1 step

when we see Sn2 think…?

Stereochemistry

when we see Sn1 think….?

carbocation

when we think E1 think…..?

carbocation

when we think E2 think ..…?

strong base

What are the Leaving Groups for Sn2?

1°, 2°

What are the Leaving Groups for E2?

1°, 2°, 3°

What are the Leaving Groups for Sn1, E1?

2°, 3°

What is polar protic?

polar, and have N-H or O-H bonds

What is polar aprotic?

polar, but no O-H or N-H bonds

how to identify non polar solvent?

it has the same atoms around the central atom ex:  (CH₄) and it has no lone pairs

how to identify polar solvent?

it has different atoms around the central atom ex:(Cl₂O) and it has lone pairs

how do I quickly identify is something is acidic?

if it has OH, NH, or SH bonds

how do I quickly identify if something is a strong base?

if its a metal combined with a hydroxide ex: NaOH, KOH, LiOH, Ca(OH)₂

how do I quickly identify if something is a weak base ?

they have a pH of 7-10 Ex: pyridine (C₅H₅N), ammonia (NH₃)

What is a rate limiting step?

the first step and it

What’s a carbocation

a positively charged carbon

What is a nucleophile? 

Any atom (-) or neutral that has an unshared pair of electrons

What kind of solvents are these?

Polar-Protic Solvents 

What kind of solvents are these ? 

Polar-Aprotic

What kind of solvents are these ?

Non-Polar

What kind of reaction is this ?

S_N2

What kind of reaction is this ?

S_N1

What kind of reaction Is this ?

E1

What kind of reaction is this?

E2

What’s an Alkane ?

hydrocarbon with only single carbon-carbon bonds

What’s an Alkene?

hydrocarbon with at least one carbon-carbon double bond

Alkane or Alkene?

Alkane 

Alkane or Alkene?

Alkene

What is Allylic position?

When an atom is 2 bonds away from a double bond

Parent name for 1 carbon?

methane

Parent name for 2 carbons?

ethane

Parent name for 3 carbons?

propane

Parent name for 4 carbons?

butane

Parent name for 5 carbons?

pentane

Parent name for 6 carbons?

hexane

Parent name for 7 carbons?

heptane

Parent name for 8 carbons?

octane

Parent name for 9 carbons?

nonane

Parent name for 10 carbons?

decane

What does chiral mean?

not superimposable (it is asymmetrical)

What is a monochlorated product?

a compound that has been created by replacing a hydrogen with a chlorine atom

What is a chiral center ?

an atom that is bonded to 4 different groups 

If you see a double bond what reactions should come to mind?

Elimination and bromination

What position does bromination happen at?

Allylic position

What reagents should we use for alcohol ?

HCl, HBr, or HI

What reagents should we use for Bromination?

Br_2, NBS, PBr₃, HBr

What reagents should we use for Allylic Bromination?

NBS

What reagents are used for Gringard reagents?

Ether or THF

What is a Gringard Reagent reaction?

When either (Cl, Br, or I) react with (Mg) and either (THF or Ether) to form (R-Mg-X) products

What is Alcohol ?

when an alkyl group is bonded with an OH

(R-OH)

What reagents should be used for S_N1, E1, and E2 reactions?

Water (H₂O), Alcohols (ROH), Carboxylic Acids (ROOH), Amines

What reagents should be used for S_N2 reaction?

pyridine, THF, Acetone, DMF, Ether, DMSO, Acetonitrile

What is an isomer ?

a molecule with the same formula but different arrangement

What is a enantiomer ?

molecules that are mirror images of each other (non-superimposable)

What is a stereoisomer?

same formula and arrangement just have different 3-dimentional orientation

What is achiral?

symmetrical arrangent aka meso compounds

What is “S” configuration?

(sinister) “left” counter clockwise configuration around chiral center 

What is “R” configuration?

“right” clockwise configuration around chiral center

What is Z configuration?

When 1st priority substituents are on the same side of the double bond

What is E configuration?

When 1st priority substituents are on the opposite sides of the double bond.

Which reaction energy curve is consistent with an S_N1 reaction?

C

If the reagent concentration is doubled what would happen to the rate of the reaction?

The rate would not change