microbio eukaryotes

Fungi

eukaryotic chemotrophs

Molds

aerobic fungi. Mostly filamentous

Yeasts

facultatively anaerobic fungi. Nonfilamentous and unicellular

Mycology

study of fungi

Hyphae

long threadlike filaments that make up molds

Mycelium

mass network of hyphae

Fungal spores

Forms from aerial hyphae

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Bread and wine and HBV vaccine

Trichoderma

Cellulase

Taxomyces

Taxol

Entomophaga

Biocontrol

Paecilomyces

Kills termites

Mycoses

diseases caused by fungi

Systemic mycosis

fungal infection deep within body. Affects many tissues and organs.

Examples of fungi causing systemic mycoses

Histoplasmosis and coccidiomycosis

Subcutaneous mycosis

caused by saprophytic fungi.

Examples of fungi causing subcutaneous mycoses

Sporotrichosis

Cutaneous mycosis

Is also called dermatomycosis. Affects keratin containing tissues such as hair and nails and skin.

Superficial mycosis

localized on hair shafts and superficial skin cells.

Opportunistic mycosis

caused by normal microbiota or fungi that are not usually pathogenic. Usually systemic.

Examples of opportunistic mycoses

Candidiasis and Pneumocystis pneumonia

Algae

autotrophic and mostly found in the ocean.

Diatoms

Unicellular algae. They store energy in form of oil.

Domoic acid

found in diatoms and causes neurological diseases. Often found in mussels or shellfish that fed on diatoms.

Dinoflagellates

Algae that causes red tide. Some even produce neurotoxins.

Protozoans

Unicellular eukaryotic chemoheterotrophs. Large and diverse group. Few are pathogenic. Found in soil and water and as normal microbiota in animals

Trophozoite

Vegetative form of protozoans (feeding and growing)

Asexual reproduction methods of protozoans

Fission or budding or schizogony (multiple fission).

Sexual reproduction method of protozoans

Conjugation

Cyst

produced by some protozoa. This provides protection during adverse environmental conditions.

Arcaezoa

They lack mitochondria. Examples are Trichomonas and Giardia.

Microspora

They have no mitochondria and no microtubules. Causes diarrhea and keratoconjunctivitis in AIDS patients.:
Amoebozoa

Entamoeba

Amoebozoa that causes dysentery.

Apicomplexa

Not mobile and intracellular. Examples include Plasmodium and Babesia and Toxoplasma and Cryptosporidium.

Euglenozoa

Hemoflagellates. They move via a flagella. Includes Trypanosoma.

Trypanosoma

causes sleeping sickness and chagas disease.

Platyhelminthes

flatworms

Nematoda

roundworms

Cestodes

tapeworms

Trematodes

flukes

Definitive host

where an adult parasite would live. The more permanent place the parasite would like to inhabit.

Intermediate host

where the larval stage of a parasite would inhabit. Typically they are only vectors by which the parasites get delivered into the more permanent host.

Ascaris lumbricoides

causes Ascariasis. 2nd most common worm infection in US. (Most common worldwide > 1 bio infected).

Enterobius vermicularis

Also called pinworm. Most common worm infection in US.

Dirofilaria immitis

Commonly known as heartworm. Primarily carried by dogs and cats but also causes human heart failure and human lungs. Spread via mosquitoes.

Vectors

Things that carry diseases. Like arthropods.
Mechanical transmission

Biological transmission

Microbe multiplies in vector