Internet Protocols and Intro to Web

Internet

the interconnected network of computer networks

ARPA

Advanced Research Projects Agency

Web

collection of electronic documents called web pages that are linked together by hyperlinks

HTTP

Hyper Transfer Protocol

Communicates with the client computer and Web server

Tim Berners Lee

-Creator of the World Wide Web

HTML

Hyper Text Markup Language

Website

a set of related collection of web pages located under a single domain name, typically produced by a single person or organization

Intranet

an internal network that is local to local business or organization

-often private and can only be seen by employees

WWW

World Wide Web

• graphical user interface providing access to information stored on WEb servers connected to the Internet

W3C

World Wide Consortium

• group that develops recommendations prototype technologies related to Web(architecture, Web design, accessibility)

ADA

Americans with Disabilities Act

• federal civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities

Sec. 508 of Federal Rehabilitation Act

requires U.S. gov agencies give individuals with disabilities access to information technology

ICANN

Internet Corporation for Assigned Numbers and Names

• coordinates the assignment of domain names, IP address, protocol parameters etc.

WAI

Web Accessibility Initiative

• developed WCAG(Web Content Accessibility Guidelines), for web devs to create with special needs in mind

Universal Design

strategy for making products, environments, operational systems, and services usable to most diverse range of people possible

network

two or more computers connected for the purpose of communicating and sharing resources

client/server model

• client requests from server

• server fulfills request and transmits results to client
  
  all done over network

MIME

Multi-Purpose Internet Mail Extensions

• indicates type of files exchanged by web clients and servers

• types indicated include audio, video, image, application, message, multipart, text

• webserver determines type of file before it is transmitted to web browser

text/html

MIME type of webpage

image/gif

MIME type of gif

image/jpeg

MIME type of jpeg

SMTP

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

• when you send mail

POP3

Post Office Protocol

• when you receive mail

IMAP

Internet Message Access Protocol

• when you receive mail

HTTP(S)

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (Secure)

• set of rules for exchanging text, graphic, image, sound, video, and other multimedia files on Web

• Secure is encrypted

FTP

File Transfer Protocol

• set of rules that allows files to be exchanged between computers on the Internet(moves files from one computer to another)

TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol

• official communication protocol of the Internet

TCP

Transmission Control Protocol

• ensures the integrity of network communication

• breaks files into packets

Packets

data that contains destination, source, sequence number, checksum values

IP

Internet Protocol

• set of rules that controls how data are sent between computers on the Internet

• routes a packet to the correct destination address

IP Address

• unique number for each device that uses Internet

• consist of octets(set of four groups of numbers)

IPV4

32-bit addressing

• xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx(0-255 for each xxx)

IPV6

128 bit addressing

• backwards compatible with IPV4

DNS

Domain Name System

• associates IP addresses with text-based URLs

URI

Uniform Resource Identifier

• identifies a resource on the Internet

URL

type of URI that represents the network location of a resource

components of URL

• http protocol

• subdomain/web server name

• domain name

• folder name

• web page file name

subdomain/webserver anme

https://[www].webdevbasics.net/6e/index.html

domain name

• locates an organization or other entity on the Internet

• associated to a unique numeric IP address assigned to a device stored in DNS database

https://www.[webdevbasics.net]/6e/index.html

folder name

https://www.webdevbasics.net/[6e]/index.html

web page file name

https://www.webdevbasics.net/6e/[index.html]

FQDN

Fully Qualified Domain Name

• the combination of host/subdomain, second-level domain, and top-level domain name

TLD

Top Level Domain Name

• identifies the rightmost part of the domain name (ex. .net)

Country-Code TLD

• two-character country TLD

• often used for schools, municipalities, and community colleges

• originally made to designate geographical location

DNS Steps

1. DNS is accessed
2. Corresponding IP address is obtained and returned to the Web browser
3. The web browser sends an HTTP request to the destination computer with the corresponding IP address
4. The HTTP request is received by the web server
5. The necessary files are located and sent by HTTP responses to the Web browser
6. The web browser renders and displays the web page and associated files

Reliable Website

1. Has own domain name
2. .org(nonprofit), .com(commercial/Business), .edu(education)
3.Recency
4. Hyperlinks to additional resources
5. Wikipedia?

WIPO

World Intellectual Property Organization

• protects intellectual property rights internationally

Creative Commons

• nonprofit organization that provides free services that allows authors and artists to register a type of a copyright license