Psychology

Terms and definitions

Episodic Memory

Information about past or recent events

Semantic Memory

General world knowledge accumulated throughout life, personal experience

Autobiographical memory

Memory for one’s personal own history

Emotional Memory

Recollecting a memory without remembering the specific experience

Encoding Storage and Retrieval

Encoding is receiving and interpreting the information, the rest is self explanatory

Hermann Ebbinghaus

Pioneered the study of Human memory (1850-1909)

Memory curve

Hypothesises the decline of memory retention in time

Sensory Memory

Mental memory of how an environment looks feels or tastes

Episodic buffer

Integrating different memory information into one memory

Maintenance Rehearsal

Repeating information out loud or in your head, only good for short term memory

Craik and Watkins(1973)

Came up with Maintenance rehearsal

Elaborative rehearsal

Associating other things with what you have learned, helps covert it into long term memory

Anterograde amnesia

A type of amnesia that means new memories cannot be formed, it’s often temporary

memory consolidation

The process by which a short term memory is transferred into a more long term memory

Retrograde amnesia

When you can’t recall memories from your past

Elaborative encoding

The use of outside factors to improve retention and comprehension of information

Reconsolidation

Adding to a past memory, Like meeting someone again and reforming the thoughts around them a bit

Misattribution

Remembering information to the wrong source

Suggestibility

Developing false memories for events that didnt happen

Synapse

Point of contact between neurons

Neurotransmitters

Endogynous cells that allow neurons to communicate with other neurons

Acetalcholine

A neurotransmitter that plays a roll in memory, learning, attention, arousal and involuntary muscle movement

Vesicles

A structure within or outside a cell consisting of liquid or cytoplasm enclosed by a lipid bylayer

Electroencenphalogram (EEG)

Gross brain electrical activity

Electrooculogram (EOG)

Record of the electrical dipole occurring between the front and back of the eye, eye movements

Electromyogram (EMG)

measures nerves resonse in the muscle, muscle movements

Hypnagogia

Vivid halucinations / falling asleep times

Fobia

Central vision

Chunking

The grouping of information

Sulcus

Where brain skin folds in

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

LGN - optic nerves go through this after the eye

Likes spots of light

Ventral stream

‘What’ pathway, goes towards the temporal lobe

Dorsal stream

‘Where’ pathway, goes towards the parietal lobe

Achromatopsia

Absence of colour vision

Akinetopsia

Can’t see moving objects, v5 damage

Aperceptive agnosia

Peppery mask, v1 damage

Dorsal simultagnosia

Failiure of object recogniton due to spatial perceptual impairment. No more than 1 object at a time.

Ventral simultagnosia

Can see multiple objects at once but not clearly

Associative agnosia

Failiure of object recognition, can describe object but not name it.