Immune System Overview

Cytokine - G-CSF

neutrophil

Cytokine - M-CSF

monocyte

Cytokine - IL-5

• eosinophil

• Th2 subset - B-cell growth, Ig secretion

Cytokine - Thrombopoietin

forms megakaryoblast and platelets

Cytokine - erythropoietin

forms erythrocyte

Cytokine - IL -1

• Supports B cells

• supports T cells

• promotes ICAM and E-selectin production

• contributes to neutrophil production/activation/recruitment in the TH1 section

• acts as a pyrogen that contributes to fever

Cytokines - IL - 2

• support t cells

  • connects to specific receptors on t cells (CD25)

  • stimulates growth, proliferation and differentiation of t cells

Cytokines - IL-6

• Supports B cells

• supports T cells

• promotes neutrophil production

• contributes to neutrophil production/activation/recruitment in the TH1 section

• acts as a pyrogen contributing to fever

Cytokines - IL-7

• Supports B cells and T cells

  • It helps immature T cells grow and mature inside the thymus and early B-cell development in the bone marrow.

  • It keeps naive and memory T cells alive in the body without needing them to actively fight an infection.

  • It signals the immune system to make more T cells when total numbers drop too low (a state called lymphopenia)

  • IL-7 attaches to the IL-7 Receptor, and once attached, it turns on inside-the-cell pathways to control genes responsible for cell growth and survival.

Macrophages location - alveolar macrophage

lungs

Macrophages location - kupffer cells

liver

Macrophages location - histiocytes

connective tissue

Macrophages location - mesangial cells

kidney

Macrophages location - microglia

nervous tissue

Macrophages location - osteoclasts

bone

Macrophages location - langerhans

skin

Macrophages location - stromal

bone marrow

CD4

co-receptor on helper T cells; works with MHC II (antigen presenting cells only)

CD8

co-receptor on cytotoxic T cells; works with MHC I (any nucleated cell)

CD28

co-stimulatory receptor on T cell receptors

CD40

• co-stimulatory molecule on B cells

CD16

receptor on NK cells that can bind antibodies during ADCC (antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity)

Cytokine - IL-4

• Promotes IgE production

• associated with TH2/NKT cytokine responses

Cytokine - IL-5

• Supports eosinophils

• promotes B-cell growth and immunoglobulin secretion

Cytokines - IL-8

• Recruits neutrophils

• also grouped with TH1 cytokines involved in neutrophil production/activation/recruitment

Cytokine - IL-10

• Downregulates TH1 cytokines and MHC-II antigens

• supports B-cell survival, proliferation, and immunoglobulin production

• acts as an anti-inflammatory cytokine and helps prevent autoimmune responses

Cytokines - IL-12

Stimulates IFN-γ production by NK cells

Cytokines - IL-13

• Promotes IgE production

• also listed as an NKT-cell cytokine

Cytokines - IL-17

Recruits neutrophils; associated with TH17 responses

Cytokines - IL-23

Promotes differentiation of CD4 helper T cells into TH17 cells