Honors Chemistry - Solutions and Kinetics Flashcards

Flashcards covering key vocabulary from the Solutions and Kinetics unit in Honors Chemistry.

Mixture

A type of matter that takes up space and has mass, with a variable composition.

Solution

A homogeneous mixture with uniform properties throughout.

Solute

The component of a solution that gets dissolved.

Solvent

The component of a solution that does the dissolving.

Hydration

The process of surrounding solute particles with solvent particles in an aqueous solution.

Solution Concentration

A measure of how much solute is dissolved in a given amount of solvent.

Saturated

A solution containing the maximum amount of solute a solvent can hold.

Solubility

The maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a solvent at a specific temperature.

Molarity (M)

Molarity (M) is the # moles of solute per LITER of solution aka molar concentration

Stock solution

Concentrated solutions of standard molarities.

Molality (m)

molality= #mol solute / # Kg solvent

Colligative Properties

Physical properties of solutions that depend only on the number of solute particles present.

Vapor Pressure

The equilibrium pressure of gas molecules from a liquid above the liquid itself.

Osmosis

Osmosis: The flow of solvent through a semipermeable membrane. The solvent flows from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration.

Osmotic Pressure

The difference in pressure of pure solvent vs. pressure of solution once equilibrium is re-established.

Chemical Kinetics

How fast or slow a reaction occurs.

Collision Theory

The rate of a chemical reaction is dependant on the # of effective collisions between molecules

Activation Energy

The minimum amount of energy the colliding particles must have for productive collisions.

Catalyst

increases the ration rate without being consumed.

Inhibitors

inhibitors: slows down a reaction