pe gcse

What is the axial skeleton?

The skull

What is the appendicular skeleton?

The bones of the limbs and the pectoral and pelvic girdles.

What is the function of the vertebral column?

It supports the body

What are the five sections of the vertebral column?

Cervical

What is the thoracic cage?

The ribs and sternum

What is the pectoral girdle?

The clavicle and scapula

What is the pelvic girdle?

The pelvis

What are the carpals?

The small bones of the wrist.

What are the metacarpals?

The bones of the hand between the wrist and fingers.

What are the phalanges?

The bones of the fingers and toes.

What are the tarsals?

The small bones of the ankle.

What are the metatarsals?

The bones of the foot between the ankle and toes.

What is flexion?

A movement that decreases the angle at a joint.

What is extension?

A movement that increases the angle at a joint.

What is abduction?

Movement of a limb away from the body's midline.

What is adduction?

Movement of a limb towards the body's midline.

What is rotation?

Movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis.

What is circumduction?

A circular movement combining flexion

What is plantar flexion?

Movement that points the toes or foot downwards.

What is dorsiflexion?

Movement that brings the toes or foot upwards towards the shin.

What is a first-class lever?

A lever where the fulcrum is between the effort and the load.

What is a second-class lever?

A lever where the load is between the fulcrum and the effort.

What is a third-class lever?

A lever where the effort is between the fulcrum and the load.

What is the most common class of lever in the human body?

Third-class levers.

What is the fulcrum?

The fixed point around which a lever rotates.

What is the load?

The resistance that the effort is working against.

What is the effort?

The force applied to move the load.

What is a tendon?

Tissue that connects muscle to bone.

What is a ligament?

Tissue that connects bone to bone and helps stabilise joints.

What is cartilage?

Tough