Skeletal System (Nikki)

What is the skeletal system purpose?

Bodys support structure & provides protection for delicate organs

Purpose of bones?

Give support & shape. Help synthesize blood & immune cells & stores calcium, phosphate & lipids

What are the 4 major types of bones?

Long, Short, Flat & Irregular

What is the long bone?

Longer lengths than widths.

What does long bones contain?

Yellow marrow (stores lipids) & Red Marrow (site of blood cell production RBC/WBC & platelets)

What is found at end of long bones?

Growth plates which are hyline cartilage

What is short bone?

Bones w/ same length & width

Where can long bones be found?

Mostly in arms & legs

Where can short bones be found?

Wrists & ankles

What are flat bones?

Thin, flat and have plate like shape

Purpose of flat bones?

Used to protect vital organs

What does flat bones contain?

Red bone marrow & produce RBC

Where can you find flat bones in body?

Cranium, ribs & used to protect lungs & heart

What are irregular bones?

Bones that do not fit other bone categories

Examples of Irregular bones?

Hip bones & vertebrae

What is osteoporosis?

Excessive withdrawal of minerals causing brittle/ fragile bones

What is the cause of Osteoporosis?

When Osteoclasts break down bone faster than osteoblasts deposit mineral

What is Osteoarthritis?

Degenerative joint disease

What is Arthritis?

Damaged cartilages that articulates between joints

What is Brittle Bone Disease (Osteogenesis Imperfecta)

Genetic defect in collagen resulting in fragile bones

What are joints?

Places in skeletal system where bones meet other bones

What are the 2 types of joints?

Moveable & immovable

What are moveable joints?

Ball & socket joint.

What is a ball & socket joint?

Point of articulation allowing abduction/circumduction/rotation

What is abduction movement?

Movement toward mid-line of body or toward another ref point

What is circumduction articulation?

Continuous circular motion

What are moveable joints>

Bones being fused together typically through ligaments

What is an example of immovable joints?

Joints in the skull

What are ligaments?

Tough connective tissue that attaches bone to bone

What is a Hyoid Bone?

Supports the tongue. Only bone that’s NOT connected to other bones

What muscles hold the Hyoid bone in place?

Supra-hyoid & infra hyoid muscles

Where is the Hyoid bone found?

Horse shoe structure, found infant of neck between chin & thyroid cartilage

What is Hyaline Cartilage?

Kind of connective tissue protecting bones articulating joints from grinning against each other

What is a hinge joint?

Allows flexion & extension of more distal bone along only 1 plane

What does that Hinge joint contain?

Lubricating synovial fluid which is capable of movement

What are Osteons?