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What is genetics?
The science of heredity.
What is heredity?
The study of how traits are passed from parent to offspring.
What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction in terms of variation?
More variation is found in sexual reproduction than in asexual reproduction.
How are chromosomes arranged in a cell?
In pairs.
What is a karyotype?
A photograph or chart of chromosomes arranged in pairs.
Who is known as the father of genetics?
Gregor Mendel.
What do genes carry?
Hereditary information.
What are alleles?
Pairs of genes that carry the same traits and are found at the same locations on pairs of chromosomes.
During fertilization, how is genetic information contributed to the zygote?
Each parent contributes half of the genetic information.
What is the parental generation in Mendel's experiments?
The purebred plants used for crossing.
What is a monohybrid cross?
A cross that examines one trait.
What is a dihybrid cross?
A cross that examines two traits.
What does homozygous mean?
Both genes for that trait are the same.
What is the phenotype?
The external appearance of an organism.
What does the law of dominance state?
Hybrid offspring will only inherit the dominant trait in the phenotype.
What does the law of segregation state?
Two copies of each hereditary factor segregate, so offspring acquire one factor from each parent.
What is incomplete dominance?
Occurs when the offspring shows traits that are a blend or mix of the two parents.
What is codominance?
When the two dominant traits are both expressed in the organism.
What are sex-linked genes?
Genes found on the X chromosome that have no matching genes on the Y chromosome.
What is a carrier in genetic terms?
An individual who carries one copy of a recessive allele for a trait.
What is colored blindness?
A disorder where an individual is unable to see colors normally.
What is hemophilia?
A rare disorder where blood does not clot normally due to a lack of sufficient clotting factors.
What is gene linkage?
The tendency of traits located on the same chromosome to be inherited together.
What is crossing-over?
The process during meiosis where chromatids exchange segments, potentially separating linked genes.
What is the difference between dominant and recessive traits?
Dominant traits are expressed in the phenotype when present, while recessive traits are masked by dominant traits.
