religion 10 unit 1 chapter `1

Heaven

a state of eternal life and union with God, in which one experiences full happiness and the satisfaction of the deepest human longings

martyr

a person who voluntarily suffers death because of his or her beliefs - many are canonized as saints by the Church

conversion

a profound change of heart, turning away from sin and toward God

grace

the free and undeserved gift that God gives us to empower us to respond to his call and to live as his adopted sons and daughters - it restores loving communion with the Holy Trinity, lost through sin

New Testament

the 27 books of the Bible, which have the life, teachings, Passion, death Resurrection, and Ascension of Jesus Christ and the beginnings of the Church as their central theme

patriarchal

describes a society, government, or religion in which the positions of power are held by men and important decisions are made by men

tenant farmer

a farmer who works someone else’s land, paying the landowner a percentage of the crops or animals raised

indentured servant

a person who is under contract to work for another person for a period of time, usually without pay; often considered a form of slavery

elites

a select group that has the most power and influence in a society, typically because of wealth and social status

Old Law

Divine Law revealed in the Old Testament, summarized in the Ten Commandments - also called the Law of Moses

chief priest

this person led the religious services and conducted animal sacrifices held at the Temple in Jerusalem

High Priest

this person led the religious services and conducted animal sacrifices held at the Temple in Jerusalem - was appointed by the Jewish king with the approval of the Roman governor

Pharisees

this group of Jews was well known for its script adherence to all the laws of the Old Testament - they believed in the resurrection of the dead

Sadducees

this group of Jews consisted largely of the elite, wealthy class; many were chief priests - they did not believe in the resurrection of the dead

scribes

these people were scholars and teachers of the Jewish Law and Scripture - they were associated with both the chief priests and the Pharisees

Zealots

these people believed that God wanted Israel to be an independent nation again, free from foreign rule - they preached a violent overthrow of the Roman occupiers

apostate

one who denies or renounces one’s faith

Sabbath

a day of religious observance and abstinence from work, kept by Jews from Friday evening to Saturday evening, and most Christians on Sunday

Messiah

Hebrew for the word “anointed one” - the equivalent Greek term is Christos - Jesus is the Christ and this because he is the anointed one

Promised Land

in the Bible, the land of Canaan, which was promised to Abraham and his descendants

Passion

the suffering and death of Jesus during the final days of his life: his agony in the garden at Gethsemane, his trial, and his Crucifixion

Resurrection

the bodily rising of Jesus from the dead on the third day after his death on the cross; the heart of the Paschal Mystery and the basis of our hope in the resurrection of the dead

Paschal Mystery

the work of salvation accomplished by Jesus Christ mainly through his Passion, death, Resurrection, and Ascension

inspired

written by human beings with the guidance of the Holy Spirit to teach faithfully and without error the saving truth that God willed to give us