place of articulation (phonphon)

Bilabial

articulators: lips

Labiodental

active: lower lip, passive: upper teeth

Dental

active: tip/blade (tongue), passive: upper teeth

Alveolar

active: tip/blade (tongue), passive: alveolar ridge

Postalveolar (Palato-alveolar)

active: tip/blade, passive: back of alveolar ridge

Retroflex

active: tip curled upwards, passive: not specified

Palatal

active: front of tongue, passive: hard palate

Velar

active: back of tongue, passive: velum

Uvular

active: back of tongue, passive: uvula

Pharyngeal

active: root of tongue, passive: pharynx

Glottal

vocal folds

Labial-velar

active: lips (rounded), back of tongue, passive: velum

Labial-palatal

active: lips (rounded), front of tongue, passive: hard palate

Epiglottal

active: epiglottis, passive: pharynx

Prepalatal (alveolo-palatal)

active: blade and front of tongue, passive: alveolar ridge and hard palate

p

voiceless bilabial plosive

b

voiced bilabial plosive

t

voiceless alveolar plosive

d

voiced alveolar plosive

k

voiceless velar plosive

g

voiced velar plosive

f

voiceless labiodental fricative

v

voiced Iabiodental fricative

θ

voiceless dental fricative

ð

voiced dental fricative

s

voiceless alveolar fricative

z

voiced alveoIar fricative

ʃ

voiceless palato-alveolar fricative

ʒ

voiced palato-alveolar fricative

h

voiceless glottal fricative

m

bilabial nasal

n

alveolar nasal

ŋ

velar nasal

l

alveoIar lateral approximant

r

palato-alveolar approximant

j

palatal approximant

w

labial-velar approximant