Dental Anatomy and Nomenclature

Lecture 1

What type of teeth do dogs, cats, primates, and man have?

brachydont

What type of teeth do horses, cows, and other herbivores have?

hypsodont

What is the term for having short crowns, well-developed roots, and only narrow canals in the roots?

brachydont

What is the term for having high crowns that erupt throughout life providing extra material for grinding food particulates down?

hypsodont

What is defined as a pronounced point on the occlusal or most coronal portion of a tooth?

cusp

What part of the tooth is defined as anything lying above the gingiva?

crown

What part of the tooth is defined as anything lying below the gingiva?

root

What portion of the tooth is indicated by the star?

crown

What portion of the tooth is indicated by the star?

root

What part of the tooth is indicated by the star?

pulp

What part of the tooth is indicated by the star?

cementum

What part of the tooth is indicated by the star?

cusp

What part of the tooth is indicated by the star?

enamel

What part of the tooth is indicated by the star?

dentin

What part of the tooth is indicated by the star?

cementoenamel junction (neck)

What part of the tooth is indicated by the star?

gingiva

What part of the tooth is indicated by the star?

periodontal ligament

What part of the tooth is indicated by the star?

alveolar bone

What part of the tooth is indicated by the star?

apex

What part of the tooth is described:

• covers tooth crown

• hardest substance in body

• formed by ameloblasts

• effective barrier to heat/cold/sweet sensitivities and bacterial entrance into the tooth

enamel

True or False: Amelogenesis stops prior to tooth eruption, therefore, enamel is incapable of repair after eruption.

True

What part of the tooth is described:

• makes up bulk of the tooth

• layer underneath enamel

• comprised of dentinal tubules

• primary, secondary, or tertiary

dentin

Dentinal tubules contain ____ that produce dentin throughout the life of the tooth when the tubule is exposed.

odontoblasts

Odontoblast processes extend into the dental tubules along with fine nerve endgings which cause ____ within the dentin.

sensitivity

What communicates between pulp and dentin, dentin/enamel, and dentin/cementum junctions?

dentinal tubules

When enamel and dentin is gradually lost as the results of local insult, such as mechanical wear, existing odontoblasts or odontoblast-like cells produce ____ dentin to protect pulp.

tertiary

What type of dentin are animals born with?

primary

What type of dentin grows throughout an animal’s life and results in a narrowed canal?

secondary

What part of the tooth is described:

• hard tissue forming surface of root

• periodontal ligament and ginigiva attach

• produced by cementoblasts throughout life

cementum

Cementoblasts produce cementum where?

apex of root

Chronic irritation can cause _____ and “lock” the tooth into the alveolar socket.

hypercementosis

Loss of cementum prevents reattachment of the ______.

periodontal ligament

What part of the tooth is described:

• fibrous connective tissue which fills space between cementum of tooth and alveolar bone

• composed of Sharpey’s fibers

periodontal ligament

What are the functions of the periodontal ligament?

shock absorption

transmit occlusal forces

attaches tooth to bone and cementum

supplies nutrients

provides tactile and proprioceptive information

What part of the tooth is described:

• connective tissue encased in root canal

• contains nerves, fibroblasts, collagen fibers, blood, odontoblasts

pulp

As animals age, the pulp chamber / root canal ____.

narrows

What part of the tooth is indicated by the star?

pulp chamber

What part of the tooth is indicated by the star?

root canal

What part of the tooth is indicated by the star?

apical junction

Odontoblasts lining the pulp chamber and root canal produce _____ dentin, causing the pulp to become narrower as the animal ages.

secondary

What part of the tooth protects things from going down beneath the gums?

enamel bulge

What are the four components of the periodontium, which are affected by and ultimately lost from periodontal disease?

gingiva

cementum

periodontal ligament

alveolar bone

What is the normal, physiological space between the free gingiva and the tooth surface?

gingival sulcus

What part of the tooth is indicated by the star?

gingival sulcus

What part of the tooth is indicated by the star?

free gingiva

What part of the gingiva is indicated by the star?

attached gingiva

What part of the gingiva is indicated by the star?

gingival sulcus

What part of the gingiva is indicated by the star?

free gingival margin

What part of the gingiva is indicated by the star?

mucogingival junction

What part of the gingiva is indicated by the star?

alveolar mucosa

What is the positional term for the side of the tooth facing rostrally or toward the median plane?

mesial

What is the positional term for the side of the tooth facing caudally or away from the median plane?

distal

What is the positional term for the side of the mandibular tooth facing toward the tongue?

lingual

What is the positional term for the side of the tooth facing toward the vestibule or lip?

vestibular (buccal or labial are alternatives)

What is the positional term for the side of the maxillary tooth facing toward the palate?

palatal

What directional term refers to a structure closer to, or a direction toward the tip of the nares?

rostral

What directional term refers to a structure closer to, or a direction toward the tail?

caudal

What is the positional term for toward the apex of the root?

apical

What is the positional term for toward the tip of the crown?

coronal

What is the positional term for an area or structure apical to the gingival margin?

subgingival

What is the positional term for an area or structure coronal to the gingival margin?

supragingival

What is the positional term for mesial or distal surfaces of a tooth in close contact with an adjacent tooth?

proximal

What is the positional term for the space between adjacent teeth?

interproximal

What is the positional term for the surface of a tooth that faces the tooth of the opposing arcade?

occlusal

Modified Triadan Tooth Numering System:

100s

Permanent right sided maxillary (upper)

Modified Triadan Tooth Numering System:

200s

Permanent left sided maxillary (upper)

Modified Triadan Tooth Numering System:

300s

Permanent left sided mandibular (lower)

Modified Triadan Tooth Numering System:

400s

Permanent right sided mandibular (lower)

Modified Triadan Tooth Numering System:

500s

Deciduous right sided maxillary (upper)

Modified Triadan Tooth Numering System:

600s

Deciduous left sided maxillary (upper)

Modified Triadan Tooth Numering System:

700s

Deciduous left sided mandibular (lower)

Modified Triadan Tooth Numering System:

800s

Deciduous right sided mandibular (lower)

List the single rooted maxillary teeth in dogs

101, 201

102, 202

103, 203

104, 204

105, 205

Canines are always numbered how?

_04

List the double rooted maxillary teeth in dogs

106, 206

107, 207

List the triple rooted maxillary teeth in dogs

108, 208

109, 209

110, 210

List the single rooted mandibular teeth in dogs

301, 401

302, 402

303, 403

304, 404

305, 405

311, 411

List the double rooted mandibular teeth in dogs

306, 406

307, 407

308, 408

309, 409

310, 410

List the triple rooted mandibular teeth in dogs

there are none

What teeth numbers are present in dogs but will never come in for cats?

_05 on maxilla

_05 and _06 on mandible

List the single rooted maxillary teeth in cats

101, 201

102, 202

103, 203

104, 204

106, 206

List the double rooted maxillary teeth in cats

107, 207

109, 209

List the triple rooted maxillary teeth in cats

108, 208

List the single rooted mandibular teeth in cats

301, 401

302, 402

303, 403

304, 404

List the double rooted mandibular teeth in cats

307, 407

308, 408

309, 409

List the triple rooted mandibular teeth in cats

there are none

Describe normal occlusion in a dog.

superimposition of mandibular and maxillary arcades

4th maxillary premolar and 1st mandibular molar line up

Describe normal occlusion in a cat.

zygomatic arch, frontal bone, nasal bones, infraorbital foramen, upper and lower canine teeth, and upper and lower incisors line up

What rule can be used for identifying teeth?

Rule of 4’s and 9’s

• canines are always a 4

• 1st molars are always a 9

• to identify a premolar, count rostrally from the 1st molar

What teeth are known as the “strategic teeth” and are important to maintain the integrity of the mouth and to chew hard food?

canines and carnassial teeth (4th maxillary premolars and 1st mandibular molars)

What are the carnassial teeth?

4th maxillary premolars and 1st mandibular molars

What are the 4 elements of tooth anatomic nomenclature?

left or right

maxillary or mandibular

number of tooth (except for canines)

type of tooth (incisor, canine, premolar, or molar)

Example: left maxillary 4th premolar

What part of the tooth is indicated by the star?

alveolar margin

What part of the tooth is indicated by the star?

root canal

What part of the tooth is indicated by the star?

furcation

What part of the tooth is indicated by the star?

pulp chamber

What part of the tooth is indicated by the star (both arrows)?

periodontal ligament space

What part of the tooth is indicated by the star?

interradicular bone

What part of the tooth is indicated by the star (both arrows)?

dentin

What part of the tooth is indicated by the star?

enamel