chapter 4: breathing and support

breathing to sing

conscious effort

power source

lungs

vocal folds

vibrator/noise maker

oropharynx and nasopharynx

resonators

thorax

spine and rib cage

are the lungs organs or muscles?

organs

pleural linkage

the lungs adhere the interior wall of the thorax

pleurae

a water permeable membrane that links lungs to the thorax

boyle’s law

pressure and volume are inversely proportional

lift

what do the external intercostals do to the ribs?

down

the diaphragm contracts and pulls the base of the lungs?

the volume of the thoracic cavity increases and negative pressure is created in the lungs

what happens when the diaphragm pulls the base of the lungs down?

contraction

muscles are only capable of

diaphragm and external intercostals

two primary muscles of inhalation

diaphragm

floor of the thoracic cavity

abdominal viscera

the contents of the abdomen that are displaced when the diaphragm contracts

external intercostals

the outermost later of muscles that lift and expand the thorax

exhalation

primarily a passive activity

internal intercostals and the abdominal muscles

primary muscles of exhalation

internal intercostals

found underneath the external intercostals in the thorax

abdominal muscles

muscles that depress the thorax or compress the abdominal viscera upward against the diaphragm to deflate the lungs

sternum

what are the top four pairs of ribs attached to?

costal cartilage

ribs pairs 5 through 10 are attached to the sternum by

appoggio

to lean on; employs diaphragmatic expansion as well as thoracic expansion

hypofunctional breathing

taking in too little air

hyperfunctional breathing

taking in too much air

chest comfortably high and the abdomen flexible

breathing for singing means

pre-phonatory focus

inhale through the vowel you are about to sing

air pressure

breath support is the regulation of

airflow through the larynx by the two vocal folds

breath control is the regulation of