History 7A Midterm

Beringia

Ice Age land region connecting Asia and North America

Paleo-Indians

Early Indigenous peoples of the Americas

Greatest Dispersal

Indigenous populations spread throughout the Americas

North Atlantic Warming Period

Medieval period of relatively warmer conditions in parts of the North Atlantic region

Little Ice Age

Period of generally cooler climatic conditions that affected human societies

Chaco Canyon

Major Indigenous center in the Southwest

Pueblo Bonito

Large complex at Chaco Canyon

Cahokia

Major pre-contact urban center near present-day St. Louis

Monk's Mound

Massive earthen mound at Cahokia

Mississippian Civilization

Broad cultural tradition involving complex Indigenous societies in the Mississippi region

Moundville

Major Mississippian center in present-day Alabama

Black Warrior River

River associated with Moundville

Poverty Point

Major ancient Indigenous earthwork/trade center in Louisiana

Chunkey

Indigenous game involving a rolling stone/disc

Chunkey Pipe

Material artifact associated with Indigenous cultural/religious practices

Columbus

1492 voyage began a new era of sustained European-American contact

Jamestown

Permanent English settlement established in Virginia in 1607

Mayflower

Ship that brought Pilgrims to Plymouth in 1620

Densest settlement

Areas where Indigenous populations were especially concentrated, including parts of the Mississippi Valley