P.E.

what are the 7 nutrient types

carbohydrates, protein, fat, fibre, water, vitamins, minerals

what do carbohydrates do? (4)

Carbohydrates are the body’s main source of energy exerted throughout the day. They break down into glucose (excess glucose is stored to help muscles and the liver), stop proteins from being used so they can do repairs, and help metabolism.

what do fats do? (2)

Main source of stored energy for rest. They build up to insulate the body.

what does fibre do? (3)

Fibre aids in digestion, slows glucose absorption for sustained energy, adds bulk to a diet without excess calories.

what does protein do? (3)

builds and repairs muscle, forms hair, nails, skin, muscle, and bones, and supports the immune system.

what does water do? (4)

regulates body temperature through sweat, cushions bones/joints, aids digestion through kidneys and bowels, and keeps brain focus.

what do vitamins do? (6)

they’re biological regulators. they break enzymes into usable energy, maintain and build tissue, strengthen immune system, protect cells, and keeping blood health.

what do minerals do? (3)

building strong bones, regulating chemical processes, and supporting vital organ health.

what is the GI

the glycemic index measures how fast or slow a carbohydrate food increases your blood sugar.

differentiate low GI vs high GI (glycemic index)

low GI foods have a slower, lower rise in blood sugar, and make you feel full for longer due to slower digestion. high GI foods have a fast, high blood sugar spike, followed by a fast crash.

what is energy balance

equal amount of energy ingested as the amount needed to support daily bodily functions and physical activity

differentiate a positive and negative energy balance

positive is where more energy is ingested than exerted, leading to weight gain. negative is more energy being exerted than ingested, leading to weight loss.

definition, and causes for type 2 diabetes (6)

not enough pancreatic insulin production. high blood pressure, obesity, low physical activity, poor eating habits, high cholesterol, smoking

what is osteoporosis, and what’s the cause

thinning of the bones. due to low calcium salts in the bones.

short term alcohol effects

dizziness, elevated mood, confusion, slurring words, lack of coordination, nausea, vomiting.

long term alcohol effects (

high blood pressure, liver disease, muscle weakness, inflamed stomach/intestines, memory loss, hallucinations