chemical exam 2 vocab terms

chemical bond

chemical bond

attractive force that holes 2 atoms together in a more complex unit

ionic bond

transfer of 1 or more electrons from 1 atom or group of atoms to another atom or group of atoms

the ionic compound

metal + nonmetal; cation + anion

ion

an atom that is electrically charged due to the loss or gain of electrons.

cation

loses electrons

anion

gains electrons

covalent bond

formed through the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms

molecular compound

nonmetal + nonmetal

valence electron

electron in the outermost electron shell of a representative element or noble-gas element

lewis symbol

chemical symbol of an element surrounded by dots equal in number to the number of valence electrons present in atoms of the element

octet rule

in forming compounds, atoms of elements lose, gain, or share electrons

isoelectronic species

an atom and an ion, or two ions, that have the same number and configuration of electrons

lewis structure

combination of lewis symbols that represents either the transfer or the sharing of electrons in chemical bonds

solid ionic compounds

consist of positive and negative ions arranged in such a way that each ion is surrounded by nearest neighbors of the opposite charge

formula unit

smallest whole-number repeating ratio of ions present in an ionic compound that results in charge neutrality

binary compound

compounds composed of two elements

binary ionic compounds

compound in which one element presents is a metal and the other is a nonmetal

bonding electrons

pairs of valence electrons that are shared between atoms in a covalent bond

nonbonding electrons

pairs of valence electrons on an atom that are not involved in electron sharing

single covalent bond

a covalent bond in which two atoms share one pair of electrons

double covalent bond

a covalent bond in which two atoms share two pairs of electrons

triple covalent bond

a covalent bond in which two atoms share three pairs of electrons

vsepr

valence shell electron-pair repulsion

electronegativity

is the ability of an atom in a molecule to attract shared electrons to itself

non polar covalent bond

covalent bond in which there is equal sharing of electrons between two atoms

polar covalent bond

covalent bond in which there is unequal sharing of electrons between two atoms

polar molecule

in h20 bond polarities do not cancel one another because of the nonlinearity of the molecule

non polar molecule

effects of the two polar bonds are canceled as results of the oxygen atoms being arranged symmetrically around the carbon atom

binary molecular compound

molecular compound in which only two nonmetallic elements are present