Science 10: How Natural and Artificial Selection Influence Changes in Population

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on how natural and artificial selection influence population changes, including genetic diversity, selective advantages, adaptation, and extinction.

What produces genetic diversity within a population?

DNA mutations.

How do offspring inherit genes?

Through sexual reproduction from their parents.

What can cause mutations?

Environmental factors such as UV light or errors during DNA copying.

What must occur for a mutation to be passed on to future generations?

It must occur in a gamete (sperm or egg cell).

What is selective advantage?

A genetic advantage of one organism over its competitors that helps it survive and reproduce.

How does natural selection affect populations?

It changes characteristics of a population over time based on traits that enhance survival.

What is an adaptation?

A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment.

What is adaptive radiation?

The evolution of different species from a common ancestor when a population is divided into isolated groups.

What is speciation?

The process of becoming distinct species.

What does it mean to be a different species in terms of reproduction?

Members cannot produce fertile offspring.

What represents a mass extinction?

The extinction of a large number of species in a short period of time.

What are mutagens?

Environmental factors that increase the rate of mutations.

What are common examples of mutagens?

Ultraviolet light, x-rays, and certain chemicals.

What is a carcinogen?

A mutation that causes cancer.

What is artificial selection?

Humans selecting for desirable traits in organisms.

What is the impact of domestication on genetic diversity?

It reduces genetic diversity among organisms.

What is a monoculture?

When a single species is planted over a large area of land.

What is a potential downside of monoculture?

Little resistance to disease or pests due to low genetic diversity.

How can human selection differ from natural selection?

In natural selection, selective pressure is due to the environment, while in artificial selection humans choose traits.