Integumentary System

Dermatology

Speciality for diagnosis & treatment of skin disorders

Functions of Integumentary System

Protects, prevents moisture loss, reduces UV radiation harm, sensory, regulates temperature, detects infections, vitamin D production, secretion and absorption

Cutaneous Membrane

Consists of epidermis and dermis

Subcutaneous Layer

Layer under the dermis, also known as the hypodermis

Thick Skin

Hairless skin that covers the palms, palm surfaces of fingers, and soles

Layers of Thick Skin

Stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

Thin Skin

Skin that covers all body regions except the palms, palm surfaces of fingers, and soles

Layers of Thin Skin

Stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum

Water Resistant

Characteristic of the skin that makes it resistant to water

Breathable

Characteristic of the skin that allows it to exchange gases with the environment

Stretchable

Characteristic of the skin that allows it to stretch and return to its original shape

Washable

Characteristic of the skin that allows it to be cleaned

Temp Regulated Jacket

Characteristic of the skin that helps regulate body temperature

Repair

Characteristic of the skin that allows it to heal and regenerate

Stratum Basale

Deepest layer of thick skin where germ cells and continuous mitosis occur

Merkel Cells

Cells found in the stratum basale that detect touch and changes

Melanocytes

Cells found in the stratum basale that produce melanin

Stratum Spinosum

Layer of thick skin that consists of 8-10 layers of keratinocytes with desmosomes

Stratum Granulosum

Layer of thick skin that consists of 3-5 layers where keratinization begins

Stratum Lucidum

Layer of thick skin that is only seen in specific areas (finger tips, soles, palm)

Stratum Corneum

Outermost layer of thick skin consisting of dead cells

Keratinocytes

Cells in the epidermis that produce keratin

Langerhans Cells

Type of dendritic cell in the epidermis that acts as antigen presenting cells

Epidermis Cells

Keratinocytes, melanocytes, merkel cells, and langerhans cells

Dermis

Thickest layer of skin that is tough and flexible

Papillary Layer

Outer layer of the dermis made of areolar tissue with dermal papillae

Reticular Layer

Inner layer of the dermis made of dense irregular connective tissue

Cleavage Lines

Underlying collagen fibers in the dermis that determine the direction of skin tension

Flexure Lines

Dermal folds around joints where the dermis is tightly bound to deeper structures

Sensory Receptors

Specialized cells in the skin that detect touch, pressure, vibration, pain, temperature, and itch

Meissner Corpuscles

Sensory receptors in the skin that detect light touch and discriminate touch

Root Hair Plexuses

Sensory receptors in the skin that detect light movements along the skin

Pacinian Corpuscles

Sensory receptors in the skin that detect heavy touch, pressure, and vibration

Merkel Cell + Disc

Sensory receptors in the skin that detect touch and shape sense

Ruffini Endings

Sensory receptors in the skin that detect skin stretch

Hair

Structure on the skin that protects, reduces heat loss, and senses light touch

Shaft

Visible part of the hair above the skin's surface

Root

Part of the hair that is embedded in the skin

Hair Follicle

Structure that surrounds the root of the hair

Sebaceous Glands

Glands connected to hair follicles that secrete oil (sebum)

Nails

Structures made of hard keratin that grow from the nail matrix

Sweat Glands

Exocrine glands in the skin that secrete sweat

Eccrine Sweat Glands

Sweat glands that secrete sweat through exocytosis

Apocrine Sweat Glands

Sweat glands that secrete sweat containing pheromones

Mammary Glands

Glands in the breast that produce milk

Ceruminous Glands

Glands in the ear that produce ear wax

Sebum

Oil secreted by sebaceous glands that prevents dehydration of hair and skin

Burns

Injuries to the skin that can result in fluid loss, septicemia, and bacterial infections

Rule of Nines

Estimation of fluid loss based on the percentage of body burned

1st Degree Burns

Burns that only damage the epidermis, causing redness, swelling, and pain

2nd Degree Burns

Burns that damage the epidermis and upper dermis, causing blisters

3rd Degree Burns

Burns that heavily damage the entire thickness of the skin, requiring skin grafting

Fluid Replacement

Critical treatment for burn victims to prevent dehydration and replace lost proteins

Caloric Intake

Thousands of food calories needed to replace lost proteins and support repair in burn victims