muscle attachments/nerves/blood supply

What are the attachments to the supraspinatus?

supraspinous fossa of the scapula and greater tubercle of the humerus

What are the actions of the supraspinatus?

extend and stabilize the shoulder

What are the attachments of the deltoideus?

spine and acromion of the scapula and deltoid tuberosity

What are the actions of deltoideus?

flex the shoulder joint

What are the attachments of the infraspinatus/bursa of the infraspinatus?

infraspinous fossa of the scapula and greater tubercle of the humerus

What are the actions of the infraspinatus/bursa of the infraspinatus?

flex and stabilize the shoulder, abduct the limb at the shoulder joint

what are the attachments of the teres minor?

caudal aspect of scapula and teres minor tuberosity of humerus

what are the actions of the teres minor?

flex the shoulder joint

What does trauma to the infraspinatus lead to?

fibrosis of the muscle resulting in external rotation and extension of the shoulder joint, called infraspinatus contracture

What are the attachments of the subscapularis?

Subscapular fossa of the scapula and lesser tubercle of the humerus

What are the actions of the subscapularis?

act as a shoulder stabilizer; abduct the limb at the shoulder joint

What are the attachments of the teres major?

caudal border of the scapula and teres major tuberosity of the humerus

what are the actions of the teres major?

flex the shoulder joint

What are the attachments of the coracobrachialis?

coracoid process of scapula and lesser tubercle and teres major tuberosity of the humerus

what are the actions of the coracobrachialis?

stabilize the shoulder joint

what are the attachments of the biceps brachii and transverse humeral retinaculum?

supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula and proximal radius and ulna, in combination with the tendon of the brachialis muscle

what are the actions of the biceps brachii and transverse humeral retinaculum?

flex the elbow joint; extend the shoulder joint

what are the attachments of the brachialis?

proximal humerus and medial aspect proximal radius and ulna

what are the actions of the brachialis?

flex the elbow joint

what are the attachments of the tensor fascia antebrachii?

fascia on the lateral surface of the latissimus dorsi and olecranon

what are the actions of the tensor fascia antebrachii?

extend the elbow joint

A bursa lies between the triceps brachii and the tuberosity. The subcutaneous bursa of the olecranon can fill with what? What can it lead to?

can fill with synovial fluid (hygroma) as a reaction to excessive strain. can lead to a tense plum swelling up to an egg size at the olecranon that can be visible

what are the attachments of the triceps brachii?

long head: caudal border of the scapula to tuber olecrani

lateral head: tricipital line of humerus to tuber olecrani

medial head: crest of the lesser tubercle to tuber olecrani

accessory head: neck of the humerus to tuber olecrani

what are the actions of the triceps brachii?

all heads extend the elbow joint; the long head ALSO flexes the shoulder joint

what muscle is occasionally used for IM injections?

triceps brachii

What are the attachments of the anconeus?

lateral supracondylar crest and epicondyle of the humerus to the olecranon

What are the actions of the anconeus?

extend the elbow joint

the anconeus muscle is elevated from what to what? what does this allow for?

it is elevated from the lateral epicondyle of humerus to gain access to the elbow joint for removal of an ununited anconeal process

what are the attachments of the extensor carpi radialis?

lateral epicondyle of the humerus and metacarpal bones 2 and 3

what are the actions of the extensor carpi radialis?

extend the carpal joints (minimally aids in flexion of the elbow joint)

what are the attachments of the common digital extensor muscle?

lateral epicondyle of the humerus and distal phalanges of the weight-bearing digits (2 to 5)

what are the actions of the common digital extensor muscle?

extend the carpal and digital joints

what is the landmark for exposure of the radius in fracture repair muscle?

the separation between the extensor carpi radialis and the common digital extensor

what are the attachments of the lateral digital extensor muscle?

lateral epicondyle of the humerus and distal phalanges of digits 3 to 5

what are the actions of the lateral digital extensor muscle?

extend the carpal joints and digital joints 3-5

What are the attachments of the ulnaris lateralis muscle?

lateral epicondyle of the humerus and metacarpal bone 5, accessory carpal bone

what are the actions of the ulnaris lateralis muscle?

flex the carpal joints, abduct the manus at the carpal joints

what are the attachments of the supinator muscle?

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus and radius

what are the actions of the supinator muscle?

supinate the antebrachium and manus (also aids flexion of the elbow joint)

what are the attachments of the pronator teres muscle?

medial epicondyle of the humerus and proximal medial radius

what are the actions of the pronator teres muscle?

pronate the antebrachium and manus

what are the attachments of the flexor carpi radialis muscle?

medial epicondyle of the humerus and metacarpal bones 2 and 3

what are the actions of the flexor carpi radialis muscle?

flex the carpal joints

what are the attachments of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle?

medial epicondyle of the humerus, caudomedial surface of the olecranon and accessory carpal bone

what are the actions of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle?

flex the carpal joints

what are the attachments of the superficial digital flexor muscle?

medial epicondyle of the humerus and palmar surface of the middle phalanx of the weight bearing digits (2-5)

what are the actions of the superficial digital flexor muscle?

flex the carpal joints, flex the metacarpophalangeal joints and the proximal interphalangeal joints of the weight-bearing digits (2-5)

what are the attachments of the deep digital flexor muscle?

medial epicnodyle of the humerus; caudal border of the ulna; medial border of the radius and distal phalanx of all 5 digits (1-5)

what are the actions of the deep digital flexor muscle?

flex the carpal joints; flex the digital joints of all five digits (1-5)

what muscles does the superficial cervical artery supply?

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatous, and Subscapularis

What muscles do the Subscapular artery and Caudal Circumflex humeral artery supply?

Deltoideus, Teres Major, Teres Minor

What muscles do the deep brachial artery and collateral ulner artery supply?

Triceps Brachii, Anconeus, and Tensor Fasciae Antebrachii

What muscles do the Bicipital artery, cranial circumflex artery, and transvers cubital artery supply?

Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Coracobrachialis

What muscles do the common interosseous artery and cranial interosseous artery supply?

extensor carpi radials, common digital extensor, lateral digital extensor, ulnaris lateralis, abductor pollicus longus, supinator

what muscles does the deep antebrachial artery supply?

flexor carpi ulnaris, superficial digital flexor, deep digital flexor, flexor carpi radialis, pronator teres

what muscles does the suprascapular nerve innervate?

Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus

what muscles does the subscapular nerve innervate?

subscapularis

what muscles does the axillary nerve innervate?

deltoideus, teres major, teres minor

what muscles does the radial nerve innervate?

triceps brachii, anconeus, tensor fasciae antebrachii, extensor carpi radialis, common digital extensor, lateral digital extensor, ulnaris lateralis, abductor pollicic longus, supinator

What muscles does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?

biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis

what muscles does the median and ulnar nerve radiate?

flexor carpi ulnaris, superficial digital flexor, deep digital flexor, flexor carpi radialis

what muscles are the stabilizers of the shoulder?

coracobrachialis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis

what are the flexors of the shoulder?

deltoideus, teres major, teres minor, long head of triceps brachii

what muscles extend the shoulder?

biceps brachii and transverse humeral retinaculum

what muscles extend the elbow?

triceps brachii, anconeus, tensor fasciae antebrachii

what muscles flex the elbow?

biceps brachii, brachialis, transverse humeral retinaculum

what muscles extend the carpus and digits?

extensor carpi radialis, common digital extensor, lateral digital extensor

what muscles flex the carpus and digits?

flexor carpi ulnaris, superficial digital flexor, deep digital flexor, flexor carpi radialis

what is the action of the abductor pollicis longus?

abducts the first digit and extends the carpus

what are the attachments to the brachioradialis muscle?

originates on the humerus and inserts on the radius

what are the actions of the brachioradialis muscle?

flex the elbow but is also able to pronate or supinate depending on position of the arm

what veins are used to obtain IV blood samples? where do you hold off?

external jugular vein and the cephalic vein are used. and sometimes the accessory cephalic can be used. The median cubital vein must be held off to completely occlude venous return.

what nerves must be considered along with the humerus when performing a medial approach to shaft repair of a humeral fracture?

relationship between the musculocutaneous, median and ulnar nerves

what nerve must be avoided during a lateral approach to the humerus for a shaft fracture repair?

radial nerve because it is in close contact with humerus

what must you remember when performing venipuncture in cephalic vein? what can be the cause of hematomas in cephalic vein?

remember that medially and laterally to the vein are sensory branches of the radial nerve. superficial medial and lateral arteries are also located here and can be the cause of a hematoma if aggressive multiple needle re-directions occur