Unit 2 Test

Specialization

________: Division of labor…worker does the same task over & over.

Carpet Baggers

________ carried luggage in bags made of carpet.

Specialization

Division of labor…worker does the same task over & over

"Bread and Butter" Issues

Higher wages, shorter hours, & better working conditions

Collective bargaining

Union officials (reps)…represent the workers…they negotiate with management

Blacklisting

Workers who belong to unions were "undesirable employees…hard to get a job."

Unions would be associated with communism after a workers revolution broke out in what country?

Russia

Similarities

1. Republicans
2. Some wanted to help African-Americans achieve the right to vote & political influence
3. Merely attempted to win power for themselves by controlling the black votes
4. Wanted money
5. Political bosses were with immigrants

Differences

1. Carpet Baggers were “invaders”
2. Scalawags were “traitors”
3. Carpet Baggers carried luggage in bags made of carpet
4. Scalawags were down South
5. Political bosses-Gilded Age
6. Carpet Baggers & Scalawags-Reconstruction

What political party dominated the South between 1880 & 1928?

Democratic

Republican candidates almost had no chance of winning an election in the South because this group prevented them from voting:

African-Americans

In the North and West, what tactic or political strategy did Republicans use in their speeches to gain votes?

“Waving the Bloody Shirt”

What group tended to vote for the Democratic candidates in Northern elections?

Immigrants

What organization provided immigrants with food, jobs, money, etc. in return for their votes?

Political bosses/machines

Typically, a single, powerful, political boss controlled each political machine. What would be an example of a Democratic political machine in New York City?

Tammany Hall

Who was the man in charge of the Tammany Hall political machine?

William “Boss” Tweed

Advantages of political bosses:

1. Found immigrants jobs
2. Helped them adjust to city life
3. Gave them food, money, & organized community entertainment

Disadvantages of political bosses:

1. Corrupt (shady characters)
2. Used illegal methods to win votes
3. Took bribes & kickbacks

How were political bosses during the “Gilded Age” similar to Carpet Baggers and Scalawags during Reconstruction?

Both used disadvantaged people for their vote

How were political bosses during the “Gilded Age” different from Carpet Baggers and Scalawags during Reconstruction?

Political bosses used immigrants, Carpet Baggers and Scalawags used African Americans…political bosses in North, Carpet Baggers & Scalawags in South

What reasons were given by the “Drys” to outlaw alcohol in America in the early 1800s?

* Marital issues
* Spouse abuse
* Child abuse
* Lost wages
* Jobs lost
* Leads to poverty

How is the 18th amendment (Prohibition) different from the previous 17 amendments?

* Legislating morality…told people how to live their lives...the other 17 amendments have nothing to do with their morality
* %%Expanded civil liberties%%

Throughout our nation’s history, what role has alcohol played in America from a social perspective

* Make acquaintance
* Hot & cold
* For joy
* Parties

By the 1830s, how much whiskey did the average American (over the age of 15) drink?

88 bottles of whiskey

What were the Washington Societies?

* A pledge to not drink
* Had meetings together so that they wouldn’t drink %%(interventions)%%
* %%Original AA%%

What two other “crusades” did the Temperance Movement attach itself to in the mid-1800s?

* Abolitionists
* Women’s Suffrage

Who formed the first Women’s Temperance Society?

Susan B. Anthony

In 1851, which state became the first to outlaw the sale and manufacture of intoxicating beverages?

Maine

How was the Temperance Movement overshadowed (and largely set aside) in the 1860s?

Civil War (PTSD)

What percentage of the Federal budget came from taxing alcohol by the late 1860s?

75%

How are alcohol and immigration linked in the film, and therefore, what conflicts grew during the Gilded Age?

* Immigrants had a thirst for beer
* German beers were produced

Who was Eliza Jane Thompson, and how did she impact the Temperance Movement?

* Her oldest son was an alcoholic-prescribed by doctors
* Marched for doctors to not prescribe alcohol
* Druggists had to sign a pledge
* She led 200 women with her
* %%She organized women to protest%%

Who was Frances Willard, and how did she impact the Temperance Movement?

* Commanded a non-violent national army
* Women’s Christian Temperance Union
* Connects Temperance and Women’s Suffrage

How did the school systems play a role in the Temperance Movement?

* Require anti-alcohol curriculum
* 22 million children were in Temperance classes
* Horrifying diagrams
* False facts (burst into flames)

By the turn of the 20th century, saloons were still going strong: What did American men like about saloons and taverns?

* Everything men wanted
* Community
* Manhood
* Refuge
* Joyfulness
* Living room
* Barber was there
* Cash his paycheck
* Learn English
* Get a city job
* Play games

Who was Carrie Nation, and how did she impact the Temperance Movement?

* Took a hatchet & destroyed saloons from city to city
* “Hatchetation”…she and her protestors using hatchets & stones to destroy saloons
* Jailed over and over…went right back to it when she got out

Where was the Anti-Saloon League formed?

Ohio

What did the Anti-Saloon League commit themselves to, under the leadership of Wayne B. Wheeler?

He destroyed every politician’s career that was not in favor of prohibition