urinary system

What is the primary function of the urinary system?

To remove waste products from the blood and maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance

What are the main organs of the urinary system?

Two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder, one urethra

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

The nephron

What are the main parts of a nephron?

Glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, collecting duct

What is tubular secretion?

Movement of substances from the blood into the filtrate for excretion

What process occurs in the glomerulus?

Filtration of blood to form filtrate

What is tubular reabsorption?

Movement of needed substances from the filtrate back into the blood

What is the main function of the ureters?

Transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder

What is the function of the urinary bladder?

Stores urine until it is expelled

What is the function of the urethra?

Transports urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

What muscle controls urination voluntarily?

External urethral sphincter

What is micturition?

The act of urination

What is micturition?

The act of urination

What hormone regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

What hormone regulates sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion?

Aldosterone

What is the role of renin?

Enzyme secreted by the kidneys that helps regulate blood pressure

Where does most water reabsorption occur in the nephron?

Proximal tubule

What is the role of the loop of Henle?

Concentrates urine by reabsorbing water and sodium

What is the normal pH of urine?

About 6 (slightly acidic)

What is the normal color of urine?

Pale yellow (due to urochrome pigment)

What can cause abnormal urine color?

Dehydration, blood, medications, certain foods

What is uremia?

High levels of waste in the blood due to kidney failure

What is the difference between cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons?

Cortical nephrons are mainly in the cortex; juxtamedullary nephrons extend deep into the medulla for concentrated urine

What is diuresis?

Increased urine output

What is the trigone of the bladder?

A triangular region between the openings of the ureters and urethra

What is the role of the urinary system in acid-base balance?

Excretes hydrogen ions and reabsorbs bicarbonate to regulate blood pH