microe3

200

Problem G1
No = 300 cells Generation (doubling) time: 40 minutes
Growth period 3 hours and 20 min n (number of doublings) = the minutes of growth (1)_______ divided by the 40 minute generation time.
How long is the growth period in minutes?

5

Problem G1
No = 300 cells Generation (doubling) time: 40 minutes
Growth period 3 hours and 20 min n (number of doublings) = the minutes of growth (1)_______ divided by the 40 minute generation time. This = (2)_______ , the number of doublings (n) in 3 hours and 20 minutes
2) With the given generation time how many doublings during the growth period?

9600

Problem G1
No = 300 cells Generation (doubling) time: 40 minutes
Growth period 3 hours and 20 min n (number of doublings) = the minutes of growth (1)_______ divided by the 40 minute generation time. This = (2)_______ , the number of doublings (n) in 3 hours and 20 minutes The final number of cells in this population after growth is (3) __________________ (Nt=No x 2n )
3) What is the final size of the population at the end of the growth period?

12

Problem G2. 10 cells with a generation time of 15 minutes are allowed to grow for 3 hours. n = (4)______ What is the number of generations (n) in this 3-hour time period?

40,960

Problem G2. 10 cells with a generation time of 15 minutes are allowed to grow for 3 hours. Nt = (5)___________________ 5) What is the size of the population at the end of the growth period?

One cell dying early would result in a smaller final population than a cell dying later in the growth period.

6. What difference in the final population size would it make if one cell died early in the growth period compared to one cell dying late in the growth period?

Tricosan could no longer be used in these products

In 2017 the FDA ruled what about the use of triclosan in soaps and other antiseptic wash products?

The was no data/evidence that the activity of triclosan in the products had any benefits to health

The specific FDA ruling was made because

The ingredient was shown by scientific data to provide protection against gingivitis, a common gum disease.

Why was triclosan allowed to remain in Colgate Total tooth paste?

Triclosan might increase the resistance of bacteria to other anti-bacterial treatments or controls
Triclosan in the environment could be harmful to aquatic animals.
Triclosan can affect the activity of the body's hormones and cause adverse effects
People with higher concentrations of triclosan in their urine have been shown to have a higher incidence of allergies.

What is the downside of using triclosan in Personal Care Products? (choose all)

Much more frequent and thorough than before

What is the status of cleaning and disinfecting offices and other workspaces in response to the COVID pandemic, esp. at the start?

Chemicals being used for sanitization and disinfection were much stronger and potentially toxic.

Why was the new level of cleaning worrisome to some health scientists?

The chemicals haven't been tested for human safety.

The chemicals being used are on the EPA's approved N list and are effective against the coronavirus. Why are some scientists concerned about this?

can potentially cause birth defects in rodents
may increase the rate or severity of asthma
may cause neurological problems in rodents

Limited studies in rats have shown that these products ... (choose all that apply)

the risks of aerosolizing, misting, or fogging the disinfectants on humans hasn't been studied

The use of electrostatic sprayers are a concern because

Intense UV light

What non-chemical disinfecting treatment is being used to disinfect surfaces ?

increased

According to the CDC report, in recent years the demand for unpasteurized milk in the US has

Campylobacter spp.

What was the most common bacterial species associated with the illness caused by raw milk consumption?

False

Raw milk is healthier and more nutritious than pasteurized milk.

False

If animals are raised in sanitary conditions on humane farms, their milk is safe, especially if it's certified as organic.

Campylobacter

According to the data in Figure 2, the leading cause of illness in the 1-4 year age group due to raw milk was (Hint: all the species data on the graph, including the number of cases data have to be taken into consideration - not just the percentage)

140°C for less than 1 second

(From the Module 3 notes) Which set of heat treatments best describes the pasteurization technique known as Ultra High Pasteurization?

Nasal epithelial cell

What type of cell does the coronavirus first infect after getting into the body?

Lungs, alveoli

As the infection proceeds, newly released virions travel to the __________ and infect the ____________.

Angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2 (ACE-2)

What is the specific receptor site on the host cell that the virus needs to attach and infect?

Macrophages and neutrophils

What immune cells initially respond to the presence of the viruses?

Alveoli fill with fluid

As a consequence of this response to the virus, what occurs at the site of the infected tissue?

virion

An individual virus particle is called a ____________.

Cells in the entire system - nose, throat, bronchii, lung cells

What region of the respiratory system does the coronavirus replicate in?

Attachment, entry, biosynthesis, assembly, release

What is the order of the virus replication steps as it encounters its host cell?

1 case, Disney theme park in California

This measles outbreak started with this number of initial cases: ______, from exposure at this location _____.

49

How many of the patients in this outbreak had NOT been vaccinated for measles?

125

What was the total number of cases in this measles outbreak at the time this CDC report was written (Feb. 15, 2015)?

Virus samples from 30 of the patients all had the same B3 genotype.

How does the CDC know that most of the early measles cases were caused by the same strain of measles viruses?

for personal reasons - they objected to being vaccinated

Of the 28 intentionally unvaccinated patients, the reason given for not getting vaccinated was:

Viruses whose host cells are bacteria

What best describes bacteriophages?

Infection on a knee joint replacement device

The Mayo Clinic trial phage therapy was used to treat what type of infection?

The pathogenic bacteria formed an antibiotic resistant biofilm on the prosthetic device

Phage therapy was necessary for the patient because

True

The type of phage chosen from the Phage Bank to treat an infection has to be specifically matched to the species of the pathogenic bacteria causing the problem.

As purified injectible suspension

How are phage therapies administered to the patient?