B3 Enymes and digestion

Oesophagus

Tube connecting the mouth to the stomach

Stomach

A muscular and elastic sac that serves mainly to store food, break it up mechanically, and begin chemical digestion of proteins and fat.

Duodenum

First section of the small intestine, where bile is added

Pancreas

Regulates the level of sugar in the blood and makes digestive enzymes

Liver

Produces bile

Gall bladder

Organ that stores bile

Bile

A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles.

Small intestine

The part of the digestive system in which most chemical digestion takes place.

Large intestine

Absorbs water and forms feces

Rectum

A short tube at the end of the large intestine where waste material is compressed into a solid form before being eliminated

Iodine

Used to test for starch turns from brown to blue-black

Benedicts solution

Used to test for Sugars - needs to beheated and turns brick red in colour

Sudan iii

Test for lipids - forms a red ring

Buiret solution

Test for proteins turns from blue to purple

Carbohydrate are

Made of sugars

Lipids are

Made of glycerol and fatty acids

Proteins are

Made of amino acids

Enzymes are

Biological catalysts and protein molecules

Catalyst

Substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

Factors that effect enzyme activity

PH, concentration, temperature

Active site

The part of an enzyme where the chemical reaction occurs.

Denatured

Change the shape of an enzyme so that it can no longer speed up a reaction.

Substrate

A specific reactant acted upon by an enzyme

Lock and key model

Enzymes are specific. The only work on the substrate that they "fit."

Enzyme-substrate complex

When the substrate is attached to the enzymes

Optimum

The best conditions where enzymes work the best

Emulsify fat

The function of bile, separating fats to give increased surface area

Saliva

Digestive juice produced by glands in your mouth

Hydrochloric acid

Substance produced by the stomach; used to create right stomach conditions for enzymes and kill bacteria

Amylase

Enzyme in saliva that breaks the chemical bonds in starches

Protease

Enzyme that digests protein

Lipase

Enzyme that breaks down fat

Carbohydrase

Enzyme that breaks down starches into sugars