Dermatology

Aerosol

Substance packaged under pressure with a gaseous propellant for release as a spray of fine particles

Cream

Preparation consisting of a semisolid emulsion of either oil-in-water or water-in-oil type

Water soluble

Emollient

Agent that softens or soothes the skin

Gel

Preparation in which components combine to produce a semisolid material

can be very drying

Usually has alcohol on it, best absorption

Lotion

Liquid suspension for external application to the body

A cream, but with more water

Ointment

Highly viscous or semisolid preparation in a petroleum base

fat-soluble

Paste

Semisolid preparation containing one or more drug substances

Powder

Dry mass of pulverized or finely dispersed medication/chem

Solution

Liquid preparation of one or more soluble chemical substances usually dissolved in water

water soluble

Tincture

Solution of active ingredients with alcohol as the solvent

Wet Dressing

Dressing that is soaked prior to application to aid in (debridement and cleansing)

OTC Topical Keratolytic Therapy - MOA

Benzoyl peroxide releases oxygen which destroys anaerobic P. acnes. It does not develop resistance to benzoyl peroxide

It causes peeling of the outer layers of the skin

drug absorption of topical stuff

most absorbed to least absorbed

gel>ointment>cream>lotion

OTC Topical Keratolytic Therapy - Side Effects

Redness

Dryness

Burning

Itching

Peeling

Swelling

Bleach of hair or dyed products

Side effects of corticosteroids

topical: skin atrophy, striae, acne, hypopigmentation, alopecia

higher side effects:

systemic/oral/IV: adrenal suppression, impaird wound healing, hyperglycemia, weight gain

potency classes numbers

lower number, more potency

Class 1: Super high potency

strongest anti-inflammatory effects

short therapy duration

small areas

thick, chronic lesions

NO OCCLUSIVE DRESSINGS (increases absorption)

optimized vehicle

Class 2

can use on face, intriginous areas

Class 7

lowest anti-inflammatory effects

safe for prolonged use, on face/intertriginous areas, occlusion, kids

COCs can be used for?

acne

Azelaic Acid 20% - MOA

Suppresses growth of P. acnes

Improves inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions

Azelaic Acid 20% - Side Effects

Dryness

Skin irritation (pruritus)

Hypopigmentation

Antimicrobial Therapy for Acne Vulgaris - MOA

Suppresses P. acnes growth

Clindamycin - Side effect

Contact dermatitis or hypersensitivity

Dry, scaly, peeling skin

Erythromycin - Side effect

Dry or scaly skin

Skin irritation

Itching

Stinging sensation

Peeling or redness

Tetracyclines - Side effect

Photosensitivity

Gastric upset

Diarrhea

Tooth discoloration

Topical Dapsone 5% - MOA

Anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties

Topical Dapsone 5% - Side Effect

Peeling

Dryness

Erythema

Phototoxicity

Retinoids - Side Effect

Skin irritation

Drying

Inflammation

Retinoids - Benefits

Heal comedones

Decrease sebum production

Decrease inflammatory lesions

Isoretinoin (Accutane) - MOA

Reduces sebum production up to 90%

Decreases production of microcomedones

Anti-inflammatory effect

Isoretinoin (Accutane) - Side Effect

Most common:

Cheilitis

Dry mouth

Dry skin

Pruritus

Common:

Dry nose

Dry eyes

Muscular soreness or stiffness

Less common:

Headaches

Hyperlipidemia

Topical Immunomodulators - MOA

Inhibit activation of T-cells and release of cytokines

Working with the immune system to work with its inflammatory response and slow it down

Topical Immunomodulators - Side Effect

Stinging

Burning

Pruritus

Synergized Pyrethrins - MOA

Transmission of nerve cell impulses is blocked in lice causing paralysis

Synergized Pyrethrins - Side Effects

Irritation

Erythema

Itching

Permethrin 1% and 5% - MOA

Transmission of nerve cell impulses is blocked in lice, causing paralysis

Permethrin 1% and 5% - Side Effect

Scalp irritation

Pruritus

Stinging

Lindane - Side Effects

Convulsions

Dizziness

Restlessness

Lack of coordination

Tachycardia

Muscle cramps

Vomiting