western civilization test 2

studied byStudied by 0 people
0.0(0)
learn
LearnA personalized and smart learning plan
exam
Practice TestTake a test on your terms and definitions
spaced repetition
Spaced RepetitionScientifically backed study method
heart puzzle
Matching GameHow quick can you match all your cards?
flashcards
FlashcardsStudy terms and definitions

1 / 76

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.

77 Terms

1
King Louis XVI
The last king of France before the French Revolution.
New cards
2
Marie Antoinette
Queen of France and Louis XVI's wife, disliked for her Austrian origins and extravagance.
New cards
3
Estates-General
A legislative assembly of the three estates of the French realm convened in 1789.
New cards
4
1789
The year the French Revolution began with the storming of the Bastille.
New cards
5
Tennis Court Oath
An oath by members of the Third Estate vowing not to disband until a constitution was established.
New cards
6
Bastille
A fortress and prison in Paris stormed on July 14, 1789, symbolizing rebellion.
New cards
7
Lafayette
A French aristocrat and military officer significant in the French Revolution.
New cards
8
Jurists
Clergy who swore an oath to the new civil constitution during the French Revolution.
New cards
9
Non-Jurists
Clergy who refused to take the oath to the new civil constitution in the French Revolution.
New cards
10
Levee en Masse
Mass conscription of French citizens during the French Revolution.
New cards
11
The Guillotine
A device used for execution by beheading, common during the Reign of Terror.
New cards
12
Cult of the Supreme Being
A deistic religion created by Robespierre to replace Christianity during the Reign of Terror.
New cards
13
Maximilien Robespierre
A radical Jacobin leader and key figure in the Reign of Terror.
New cards
14
The Consulate
The government of France from 1799 to 1804, led by Napoleon Bonaparte.
New cards
15
Concordat of 1801
An agreement restoring some power of the Catholic Church in France.
New cards
16
Code Napoleon (Napoleonic Code)
A legal system emphasizing equality before the law established by Napoleon.
New cards
17
Haitian Revolt
A successful slave revolt in the French colony of Saint-Domingue leading to independent Haiti.
New cards
18
Toussaint Louverture
Leader of the Haitian Revolution and a former slave turned military commander.
New cards
19
Jean-Jacques Dessalines
Louverture's lieutenant who declared Haiti's independence.
New cards
20
Napoleonic Wars
Conflicts fought between France under Napoleon and various European powers.
New cards
21
Battle of Trafalgar
A naval battle in 1805 where the British navy defeated the French and Spanish fleets.
New cards
22
Battle of Austerlitz
A significant victory for Napoleon in 1805 against Austria and Russia.
New cards
23
Battle of Jena-Auerstedt
A decisive victory for Napoleon in 1806 against the Prussian army.
New cards
24
Peninsular Campaign
The conflict in Spain and Portugal from 1808 to 1814 against Napoleon's army.
New cards
25
Sir Arthur Wellesley (Duke of Wellington)
A British general who defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo.
New cards
26
Continental System
Napoleon's economic blockade designed to cripple British trade.
New cards
27
Battle of Leipzig (Battle of Nations)
A major defeat for Napoleon in 1813 leading to his abdication.
New cards
28
Congress of Vienna
A conference to redraw the political map of Europe post-Napoleon.
New cards
29
Louis XVIII
The king of France restored to the throne after Napoleon's first abdication.
New cards
30
Klemens von Metternich
A leading Austrian statesman at the Congress of Vienna.
New cards
31
Duke of Wellington
British general who defeated Napoleon at Waterloo.
New cards
32
Battle of Waterloo
The final defeat of Napoleon in 1815 by a coalition of European forces.
New cards
33
Industrialization
The process of developing industries on a wide scale.
New cards
34
Industrial Revolution
A period of major industrialization in the late 1700s and early 1800s.
New cards
35
Social Consequences of Industrialization
Issues like urbanization, poverty, and child labor arising from the Industrial Revolution.
New cards
36
Consumer Revolution
Increased consumption of goods during the 18th and 19th centuries.
New cards
37
Textile Mills
Factories producing textiles using machines powered by water or steam.
New cards
38
Karl Marx
A German philosopher who developed Marxism and communism.
New cards
39
Friedrich Engels
Co-author of 'The Communist Manifesto' with Karl Marx.
New cards
40
Proletariat
The working class selling their labor for wages.
New cards
41
Bourgeoisie
The middle class owning the means of production.
New cards
42
Middle Class
The social group between the working and upper classes.
New cards
43
Working Class
People employed for wages, especially in manual labor.
New cards
44
Separate Spheres
The idea that men and women occupy distinct societal roles.
New cards
45
Concert of Europe
An alliance system among European powers to maintain peace after the Napoleonic Wars.
New cards
46
Conservatism
A political philosophy emphasizing tradition and stability.
New cards
47
Liberalism
Political philosophy emphasizing individual rights and limited government.
New cards
48
Republicanism
Emphasis on civic virtue and popular sovereignty.
New cards
49
Socialism
An ideology advocating for public ownership of production means.
New cards
50
Nationalism
Emphasis on loyalty to one's nation.
New cards
51
Communism
An ideology advocating for a classless society with common ownership.
New cards
52
Romanticism
An artistic movement emphasizing emotion and individualism.
New cards
53
Genius
An individual capable of creating original works of art or thought.
New cards
54
Mary Wollstonecraft
An advocate for women’s rights and author of 'A Vindication of the Rights of Woman.'
New cards
55
Mary Shelley
Author of 'Frankenstein' and a prominent English novelist.
New cards
56
Lord Byron
A prominent English Romantic poet.
New cards
57
John Constable
A Romantic painter known for his landscape works.
New cards
58
JMW Turner
An English Romantic painter noted for dramatic landscapes.
New cards
59
Eugène Delacroix
A French Romantic painter known for vibrant emotional works.
New cards
60
First generation poets
Poets like Wordsworth and Coleridge who started the Romantic movement.
New cards
61
Second generation poets
Poets like Byron and Keats following the first generation.
New cards
62
Rotten Borough
A parliamentary borough in England with a very small electorate.
New cards
63
Corn Laws
Tariffs on imported grains in Britain aimed at protecting domestic producers.
New cards
64
1848
A year of widespread revolutions across Europe demanding liberal reforms.
New cards
65
Napoleon III
Nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of France starting in 1852.
New cards
66
Plebiscite
A direct vote by electorate on an important public question.
New cards
67
Frankfurt Assembly
A 1848 meeting aiming to create a unified German nation.
New cards
68
Giuseppe Mazzini
An Italian nationalist advocating for Italian unification.
New cards
69
Risorgimento
The 19th-century Italian unification movement.
New cards
70
Universal Suffrage
Voting rights for all adult citizens regardless of demographics.
New cards
71
Male Suffrage
Voting rights limited to adult males, a common initial step in suffrage.
New cards
72
Female Suffrage
The right of women to vote, achieved in many countries in the 20th century.
New cards
73
Property Suffrage
Voting rights restricted to property owners.
New cards
74
Limited Suffrage
Voting rights restricted to specific groups based on various criteria.
New cards
75
Equal Suffrage
All votes have equal weight.
New cards
76
Direct Suffrage
Voters elect representatives directly.
New cards
77
Indirect Suffrage
Voters elect electors who then elect representatives.
New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 8 people
1039 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 9 people
798 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 1 person
712 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 36 people
1003 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 67 people
775 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 106 people
324 days ago
4.8(5)
note Note
studied byStudied by 12 people
858 days ago
4.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 10625 people
708 days ago
4.7(60)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (197)
studied byStudied by 1 person
175 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (55)
studied byStudied by 1 person
68 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (76)
studied byStudied by 3 people
100 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (53)
studied byStudied by 10 people
507 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (26)
studied byStudied by 10 people
794 days ago
5.0(2)
flashcards Flashcard (50)
studied byStudied by 27 people
262 days ago
5.0(2)
flashcards Flashcard (55)
studied byStudied by 3 people
865 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (20)
studied byStudied by 87 people
239 days ago
5.0(1)
robot