Introduction to Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonds

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms related to subatomic particles, atomic shells, valence states, and chemical bonds based on the lecture transcript.

Nucleus (Atomic)

The center of an atom that contains protons and neutrons.

Proton

A positively charged particle located in the nucleus of an atom whose quantity defines the specific element.

Neutron

A particle located in the nucleus of an atom that carries no charge (neutral).

Electron

A negatively charged particle that orbits around the positive nucleus of an atom.

Electron shell

A defined distance from the nucleus where electrons are located.

Orbital

A specific pathway within an electron shell that can hold a maximum full pair of two electrons.

Valence shell

The outermost electron shell of an atom, located furthest from the nucleus.

Ion

A charged atom that results from an imbalance between its number of protons and electrons.

Ionic bond

A bond formed when an electron transfers from one atom's shell to another, creating oppositely charged ions that are attracted to each other.

Covalent bond

A bond formed when two atoms share pairs of electrons that orbit around the nuclei of both atoms.

Double bond

A covalent bond formed by sharing two pairs of electrons between two atoms.

Triple bond

A covalent bond formed by sharing three pairs of electrons across three different orbitals between two atoms.