[CHN] Population Groups

What is a population?

Collection of individuals who have one or more personal or environmental characteristics in common

What is an aggregate?

subgroups or subpopulations that have some common characteristics or concerns within the larger population

What are some examples of aggregates?

• School age children

• Teenagers

• Elderly

A collection of aggregates form a?

Population

What type of nursing is implemented for a Population or Aggregate?

Population-Focused Nursing

What is Population-focused nursing?

Public Health Nursing specializing in defining problems among the population or aggregate level

Example of Population-Focused Nursing?

Treatment, Trends, and Etiology of Leptospirosis

What is the purpose of Population-focused nursing?

• Identify widespread health trends

• Prevent health issues on a broad scale

• Allocate resources effectively

In population focused nursing, we implement a specific approach because of Universal Health Care. What is it?

Whole of Society Approach

What is a Whole of Society Approach?

Everyone is working for the betterment of society

What is an example of when the whole of society approach was implemented?

COVID-19 Pandemic

What is the concentration of Population-Focused Nursing?

Specific groups of people and health promotion & disease prevention regardless of geographic location

What is the Goal of Population-Focused nursing?

Provide evidence-based care to target groups

What is RA 11223?

Universal Healthcare Bill Act

What is Universal Healthcare Bill Act?

Focuses on health promotion and disease prevention

• Primary healthcare

• Health teachings

What is the goal of UHC?

promote healthy communities

What are the characteristics of a Population-Focused Nursing

• Population-based

• Assessment of population’s health status

• Determinants of health

• All levels of prevention

• 3 Levels of practice

What is a population of interest?

They are healthy but their health status can be enhanced and protected

What is a population at risk?

Population with common risk factors

What is an example of a population at risk?

pregnant women — all prone to bleeding

What are the three levels of practice?

1. Communities

2. Systems

3. Individuals/Families

Who created the Public Health Intervention Wheel?

Minnesota Department of Health

What is the goal of the Public Health Intervention Wheel?

To improve the health of the people in the community

What does red symbolize in the PHI Wheel?

• Surveillance

• disease and health event investigation

• outreach

• screening

• case finding

Why is the color red used in the PHI Wheel?

• Urgent, alert-type activities

• Identifies problems quickly & contain the spread

What does green symbolize in the PHI Wheel?

• Referral and follow-up

• case management

• delegate functions

Why is the color green used in the PHI Wheel?

• Support, continuity, and healing

• Ensuring continuity of care to recovery and stability

What does blue symbolize in the PHI Wheel?

• Health teaching

• counseling

• consultation

Why is the color blue used in the PHI Wheel?

• Communication, clarity, and knowledge

• Information-based interventions

• Education & dialogue are central

What does orange symbolize in the PHI Wheel?

• Collaboration

• coalition building

• community organizing

Why is the color orange used in the PHI Wheel?

• Energy & collective action

• Mobilizing groups and partnership building

• Teamwork

What does yellow symbolize in the PHI Wheel?

• Advocacy

• social marketing

• policy development

• enforcement

Why is the color yellow used in the PHI Wheel?

• Visibility & influence

What are the different types of information useful for population focus?

• Demographic data

• High risk groups

• Service/providers available

• Environmental & behavioral data

Where can you gather demographic data?

• Vital statistic data (national, state, local)

• Census

Where can you gather groups at high risk data?

• Health statistics (morbidity, mortality)

• Disease statistics (incidence, prevalence)

Where can you gather service/provider availability data?

• City directories

• Phone books

• Local/regional social workers

• Low-income providers list

• Local community health nurses

Board exam question: What caused the spread of leptospirosis?

Waste, rats, and goats

What are concerns regarding the population of the philippines?

• Rapid growing

• Rapidity = evolution of microbes (climate change) → appearance of communicable diseases

What are interventions for the rapid growing population of the Philippines?

Projects about family planning

What is the median age?

25.3 years (2020)

• Divides the population in two equal halves

What is considered a young median age?

below 35 years old

What are the positive implications of a young median age population?

More working groups

What are the negative implications of a young median age population?

Dilution of resource allocation

What are the positive implications of a old median age population?

Reflects better health approaches

What are the negative implications of a old median age population?

• Increased health care cost

• Increased medical assistance

What is the use of the Population Pyramid?

Used to project the future number of people

What are the different types of population pyramids?

• Rapid growth

• Slow growth

• Zero growth

• Negative growth

What is a rapid growth population pyramid?

• Wide base but narrows as it goes up

• High fertility or mortality

What is a slow growth population pyramid?

• Narrow base and top

• Characteristic of a developed country

What is a Zero growth population pyramid?

Almost no change from the base to the top

What is a negative growth population pyramid?

• Narrow at the base and widens at the top

• May lead to shrinking of the population later on

What type of population pyramid is the Philippines?

Slow growth population pyramid

What are the categories of the Age Structure in the Philippines?

• Age

• Gender

• Race/Ethnicity

• Education level

• Marital Status

• Voting Population

• Senior Citizen Population

What is the Age Structure according to Age

• Comparison of the dependent and independent populations

• Indicative of development

What age group is part of the dependent population?

• Below 15

• Above 64

What is a Dependent Population?

Needs are dependent on the working (independent) population

What age group is part of the independent population?

15-64

What is a Independent Population?

Working population and supports the dependent population

What is an exemption to both dependent and independent populations?

Ages 15-64 without jobs are considered dependent

What is the Age Structure according to Gender structure

Advantages & Disadvantages of a Male or Females dominated population

Advantage if there are more males than females?

Increase in labor force and physical demand

Disadvantage if there are more males than females?

Patriarchal and increase in misogyny

Advantage if there are more females than males?

Increased population sustainability & better leadership

What is the Age Structure according to Race/Ethnicity

advantage/disadvantage of increased diversity of race/ethnicity

Advantage if there are more races/ethnicities in a country

Rich in Diversity

Disadvantage if there are more races/ethnicities in a country

Risk for Conflict

What is the Age Structure according to Education Level

Often used as a measurement of the country and the population status

For those who have the highest level of education as Elementary or Highschool what is their usual line of work?

Blue collar jobs — hazardous, high physical effort needed, financial instability

There are 4 reasons why public health cannot be uplifted based on education level, which are:

• Pangungutang/ Utang na loob

• Nagtitiis/ Reslience

• Pakikisama/ Bayanihan

• Lack of awareness

What is the average school attendance rate in the Philippines?

69%

What is the Age Structure according to Marital Status

• Predictor of economic and social well-being

• Impacts the whole community

In the population, what percentage is single?

43.9%

In the population, what percentage is married?

40.9%

In the population, what percentage is Common-law/ Live-in?

9.1%

In the population, what percentage is Widowed?

4.5%

In the population, what percentage is Separated?

1.5%

What if most of the population in the community was single?

• Low fertility rate

• No social life/support system

• 2nd rank in HIV cases

What's good about being a member of a family with married parents?

Financial stability

What's a problem about being a member of a family with married parents?

Family planning & domestic violence

Implications of a Common-law or Live-in?

Lack of legal protection & development of children’s stigma

• Get married

What is the Age Structure according to Voting population?

Representation of each sector or group in the country/population

What is the Age Structure according to Senior Citizen Population

Growing geriatric population — need for more resources to improve health and well-being

Why is the older female population greater?

Women were confined at home, unlike men, who were exposed to work and sickness

What level of care should the government prioritize for geriatric patients?

Secondary & Tertiary

What are the different types of Population Groups?

• Population

• Aggregate

• Community

• Vulnerable/Risk

What is a risk population?

Higher risk of developing a disease — due to exposure to specific factors that would cause a disease

Examples of a risk population

• Immunocompromised

• Poverty

• Health worker

• Prisons

• PWD

What is vulnerability

Susceptibility to actual or potential stressors that may lead to an adverse effect

What age group are adolescent population groups?

10-19 years old

What type of population group are adolescents?

Risk Population

What are the characteristics of an adolescent?

• Healthy

• Very active = prone to risk

• Independent

• Poor health-seeking behaviors — fear of parents finding out

What are the different factors affecting adolescent health issues?

Lack of:

• Life skills

• Access to health services

• Safe and Supportive Environment

What are life skills?

Ability for adaptive and positive behavior to deal with the demands of everyday life

• Adolescents have bad coping skills for stress

Why is there a lack of access to health services?

• Reluctance to seek help unless there’s an underlying illness

• Rarely using preventive health services

• Perceived invincibility

Why is there a lack of safe and supportive environment?

Due to the negative connotation regarding seeking help

What are some common adolescent health issues?

• Early pregnancy

• HIV/AIDs

• Malnutrition

• Mental Health

• Tobacco Use

• Alcohol

• Violence

• Injuries

What is the highest statistic of transmission for HIV/AIDs?

Male to Male & Trans

Why is there malnutrition among adolescents?

Not necessarily the amount of food, also the choice of food (picky eaters)

What is the percentage of adolescents with health issues?

80%