A&Pll: Quiz#1 Endocrine System - Evolve Post Tests 25 & 26

The formation and activity of the *corpus luteum (ovaries) result from the secretion of

*forms from the follicle that released an egg during ovulation

luteinizing hormone

• anterior pituitary gland

The primary function of aldosterone (adrenal glands) is

sodium homeostasis

The adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) is divided into which two parts?

Pars anterior and pars intermedia

The stem-like stalk that connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus is the

infundibulum

Which hormone develops the breasts during pregnancy in anticipation of milk secretion?

Prolactin

The body’s “biological clock” is supported by the

pineal gland

Which hormone increases calcium storage in bone?

calcitonin

• thyroid gland

• decreases blood calcium - holds back osteoclast

• increases calcium storage

Which pancreatic hormone tends to promote the movement of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids out of the blood and into the tissue cells?

Insulin

The _____ serves as a temporary endocrine gland and produces human chorionic gonadotropin hormone.

placenta

Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin (anterior pituitary) are stored and released by the

neurohypophysis

• stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus, specifically:

1. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH): Regulates water balance by promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys.

2. Oxytocin: Stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding, and plays a role in social bonding.

_____ accelerate(s) the breakdown of proteins into amino acids.

Glucocorticoids

Which types of cells of the adenohypophysis secrete luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone?

Gonadotrophs

Hyposecretion of prolactin can cause

insufficient milk production in nursing women

How does the growth hormone affect metabolism?

Promotes protein anabolism

Indirectly inhibits glucose metabolism

Promotes lipid mobilization and catabolism

Indirectly increases blood glucose levels

Which hormone prevents the formation of a large volume of urine?

Antidiuretic hormone

In the endocrine system, secreting cells send hormones to signal specific

target cells

The neuroendocrine system performs all of the following EXCEPT

conduction

T or F? Unused hormones usually are quickly excreted by the kidneys.

True

According to the hypothesis, steroid hormone receptors are not attached to the plasma membrane but seem to move freely in the nucleoplasm.

Mobile-receptor model

When a small amount of hormone allows a second hormone to have its full effect on a target cell, the phenomenon is called

permissiveness

Not all nonsteroid hormones operate according to the second messenger model. The exception is the pair of thyroid hormones called

thyroxine and triiodothyronine

If synthesis of new receptors occurs faster than degradation of old receptors, the target cell will have more receptors and thus be more sensitive to the hormone. This phenomenon is called

up-regulation

Eicosanoids are a unique group of lipid molecules that include

• thromboxanes

• leukotrienes

• prostaglandins

Which tissue hormones act as regulators, synthesize blood platelets, and are important in blood clotting?

Thromboxanes

Prostaglandins

Leukotrienes

Hormones can be classified as either

steroid or nonsteroid

In _____, one hormone produces the opposite effect of another hormone.

antagonism

The control of hormonal secretion is usually part of a(n)

negative feedback loop

Nonsteroid hormones include

glycoproteins

peptides

proteins

As a group, prostaglandins are involved in overall endocrine regulation through their influence on

adenyl cyclase interaction within the cell’s plasma membrane

Which tissue hormones act as regulators of immunity?

Leukotrienes